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S. I<\/p>\n
Around the 1st century CE, there were several small Jewish sects: the Pharisees<\/a>, Sadducees<\/a>, Zealots<\/a>, Essenes<\/a>, and Christians<\/a>. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, these sects vanished.[127]<\/a><\/sup> Christianity<\/a> survived, but by breaking with Judaism and becoming a separate religion<\/a>; the Pharisees<\/a> survived but in the form of Rabbinic Judaism<\/a> (today, known simply as “Judaism”). The Sadducees<\/a> rejected the divine inspiration<\/a> of the Prophets<\/a> and the Writings<\/a>, relying only on the Torah<\/a> as divinely inspired. Consequently, a number of other core tenets of the Pharisees’ belief system (which became the basis for modern Judaism), were also dismissed by the Sadducees. (The Samaritans<\/a> practiced a similar religion, which is traditionally considered separate from Judaism.)<\/p>\n (KA) Per la secta dels esenis de Qumran, l’antic temple era corrupte i calia fer-ne un de nou, espiritual.<\/p>\n Els fariseus. Rabbins. Els fariseus eren una altra secta, la m\u00e9s progresista, que creien que Israel estava destinat a ser una naci\u00f3 santa de sacerdots. La idea que n’hem recollit del nou testament, com a xerraires hip\u00f2crites \u00e9s una deformaci\u00f3 del segle I. Ells volien viure una vida santa en els detalls de la vida di\u00e0ria, la casa, tan pura com el templa, la taula del menjador, com un altar. Els jueus haurien de poder acostar-se a D\u00e9u sense la necessitat de la mediaci\u00f3 d’un sacerdot. El gran rabbi Hillel resumia la Torah dient: no facis als altres el que no voldries per a tu. Fugint de la destrucci\u00f3 del temple es van fundar diferents comunitats, amb rabbins com Yojanan, Aqiba, Ishmael, que van compilar la Misn\u00e0, una posta al dia de la llei mosaica. Una s\u00e8rie d’int\u00e8rprets es van posar a comentar-la i d’aqu\u00ed, fins als segles IV i V, en va sortir el Talmud.<\/p>\n Els rabbins van tranformar el D\u00e9u que dirigia el m\u00f3n des de lluny i des de dalt en un D\u00e9u gaireb\u00e9 tangible i present en la vida quotidiana. Aquesta forma d’spiritualitat s’ha arribat a qualificar de “misticisme normal”. Tamb\u00e9 deien que, al Sina\u00ed, cada jueu havia tingut una experi\u00e8ncia diferent de D\u00e9u com si aquest, s’adapt\u00e9s a la capacitat de comprensi\u00f3 de cadascu.<\/p>\n Di\u00e0spora<\/p>\n Els jueus estaven ja dispersats a diferents prov\u00edncies romanes, Ass\u00edria, Egipte, Creta. Quan Hadri\u00e0 els va prohibir l’acc\u00e9s a Jerusalem, l’emigraci\u00f3 es va intensificar.<\/p>\n Over a long time, Jews formed distinct ethnic groups in several different geographic areas\u2014amongst others, the Ashkenazi Jews<\/a> (of central<\/a> and Eastern Europe), the Sephardi Jews<\/a> (of Spain, Portugal, and North Africa), the Beta Israel<\/a> of Ethiopia, and the Yemenite Jews<\/a> from the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. Many of these groups have developed differences in their prayers, traditions and accepted canons; however, these distinctions are mainly the result of their being formed at some cultural distance from normative (rabbinic) Judaism, rather than based on any doctrinal dispute.<\/p>\n Antisemitisme a l’edat mitjana<\/p>\n Les comunitats jueves van ser objecte de persecuci\u00f3 en els \u00e0rees de domini cristi\u00e0 mentre que van ser tractats amb m\u00e9s toler\u00e0ncia a les \u00e0rees isl\u00e0miques<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" S. I Around the 1st century CE, there were several small Jewish sects: the Pharisees, Sadducees, Zealots, Essenes, and Christians. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, these sects vanished.[127] Christianity survived, but by breaking with Judaism and becoming a separate religion; the Pharisees survived but in the form of Rabbinic … <\/p>\n
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