{"id":1357,"date":"2019-06-28T10:05:10","date_gmt":"2019-06-28T10:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/?p=1357"},"modified":"2023-05-29T12:23:59","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T12:23:59","slug":"la-terra-habitats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/la-terra-habitats\/","title":{"rendered":"La Terra. H\u00e0bitats"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/4-inventari-tot\/44-la-terra\/44t-la-terra\/\">La terra, geografia<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>El m\u00f3n, biomes<\/li>\n<li>Europa: Corinne i guia Harry Garms<\/li>\n<li>Catalunya: Mapa de cobertes del sol a Catalunya, Observatori de paisatges, Folch<\/li>\n<li>Films<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h1>El m\u00f3n<\/h1>\n<p>Els estudis de zones clim\u00e0tiques proposen 15 biomes de 4 zones, fred, temperat, desert, tr\u00f2pic. Les guies de naturalesa de les latituds temperades, que normalment no tenen ni desert ni tr\u00f2pics, inclouen muntanya, rius i llacs, mars i costes. [Dins de cada bioma, l&#8217;h\u00e0bitat concret varia segons si la zona es troba a la plana, la muntanya, o al costat d&#8217;un riu].\u00a0 La base de dades d&#8217;ecoregions ens d\u00f3na una idea de quin <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/444-biomes-i-ecoregions\/\">Bioma<\/a> hi ha a cada lloc del m\u00f3n. aquesta classificaci\u00f3 no d\u00f3na ra\u00f3 de quin % de la terra est\u00e0 ocupat per l&#8217;agricultura.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/biomes-el-fred\/\">Fred<\/a>: 3 els pols roca i gel, la Tundra, la Taiga (90\u00ba a 60\u00ba)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/bioma-temperat-boscos-i-prats\/\">Temperat<\/a>: 4\u00a0 Els boscos de con\u00edferes, caducifolis, mediterranis, els prats i estepes\u00a0 (60\u00ba a 30\u00ba)<\/li>\n<li>[<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/biomes-muntanya\/\">La muntanya<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li>[<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/bioma-aigues-continentals\/\">Els rius i els llacs<\/a>] [ 2 Bioma humit, prats inundats i manglars]<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/els-deserts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Els deserts<\/a> : 2, deserts i matollars, prats i matolls de muntanya [(30\u00ba a 15\u00ba al voltant dels tr\u00f2pics de c\u00e0ncer +23.5\u00ba i capricorni -23.5\u00ba)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/habitats-tropicals\/\">Els tr\u00f2pics<\/a> : 4 Boscos de con\u00edferes, caducifolis humit i sec, sabana (30\u00ba al voltant de l&#8217;equador)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/mars-i-costes\/\">Mars i costes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>El paisatge alterat per l&#8217;home. Antropoc\u00e8<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00f2l agr\u00edcola<\/p>\n<p>La superf\u00edcie del planeta \u00e9s 29% terra, del qual un 71% seria habitable, la resta deserts, roques i platja. D&#8217;aquest 71% gaireb\u00e9 la meitat, un 46% est\u00e0 dedicat a l&#8217;agricultura, i la resta s\u00f3n 38% boscos, 14% arbusts, 1% aigua dol\u00e7a i 1% edificis i xarxa vi\u00e0ria.\u00a0 La terra agr\u00edcola es dedica en un 77% a pastures, que aporten un 18% de les calories i un 37% de les prote\u00efnes, mentre que un 23% s\u00f3n conreus que aporten un 82% de les calories i un 63% de les prote\u00efnes. (<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/land-use\">Our World in data<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/illustracions\/Global-land-use.png\" width=\"3011\" height=\"1922\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Es calcula que el 2020 la massa d&#8217;origen hum\u00e0, edificis, carreteres, objectes \u00e9s m\u00e9s gran que la massa biol\u00f2gica d&#8217;animals i plantes. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-3010-5.epdf?sharing_token=X_caFcWdSppV8zxLpcvurdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0MLvUZ1C0L35yEQYHf_pwmiKx-xqIzWDg-_bH8WmUJdQnNv2FBeLpjXLE14XdyNPGeZrup1Y-L73MIm3Bzi9Kr2RVAHNANz81hNXCX0tNGvjh_Ug46I5-9USVaK0JtnLgyRmBUJpSIDOrfqxdwuQj6V54mm-x-HEksInsJsuXt_Gg%3D%3D&amp;tracking_referrer=www.bbc.com\">article<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/Mciencia\/massaantropogenica1.png\" width=\"404\" height=\"458\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/Mciencia\/massantropogenica2.png\" width=\"829\" height=\"331\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Europa<\/h2>\n<p>H\u00e0bitats Corine: Dona una llista de totes les zones naturales d&#8217;europa. \u00c9s incomplet ja que nom\u00e9s recull les zones protegides i les dades tamb\u00e9 s\u00f3n incompletes, no sempre hi ha tota la vegetaci\u00f3 i plantes.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/4-inventari-tot\/44-la-terra\/44t-la-terra\/44t-geografia\/consulta-corine\/?tipus=inici\">Consulta<\/a> llista de pa\u00efsos &gt; h\u00e0bitats &gt; p\u00e0gina amb mapa ecoregions i llista d&#8217;esp\u00e8cies<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;adaptaci\u00f3 dels <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ub.edu\/geoveg\/cat\/ManualCORINE.php\">Habitats Corine a Catalunya<\/a> t\u00e9 vuit apartats:<\/p>\n<p>$sitecode=&#8217;B00010170&#8242;;<br \/>\n$lat=42.3008;<br \/>\n$lon=1.7566;<\/p>\n<p>1 &#8211; Ambients litorals i salins<br \/>\n2 &#8211; Aig\u00fces continentals<br \/>\n3 &#8211; Vegetaci\u00f3 arbustiva i herb\u00e0cia (Prats i pastures)<br \/>\n4 &#8211; Boscos<br \/>\n5 &#8211; Molleres i aiguamolls<br \/>\n6 &#8211; Roques, tarteres, glaceres, coves<br \/>\n7 &#8211; [no existeix]<br \/>\n8 &#8211; Terres agr\u00edcoles i \u00e0rees antr\u00f2piques<br \/>\n9 &#8211; \u00c0rees talades o cremades<\/p>\n<p>S&#8217;identifiquen fins a 600 h\u00e0bitats. Per a cadascun, la documentaci\u00f3 en PDF identifica la fauna m\u00e9s comuna. De la web del <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ub.edu\/geoveg\/cat\/ManualCORINE.php\">Corinne<\/a> es pot descarregar una base de dades on es llisten els bi\u00f2tops d&#8217;Europa i les esp\u00e8cies animals i vegetals.<\/p>\n<p>La guia <em>Plantas y animales de Europa<\/em> de Harry Garms, que \u00e9s la que faig servir m\u00e9s per identificar\u00a0 animals i plantes divideix Europa en tres zones, \u00c0rtic (isoterma 10\u00ba al juliol), temperada i mediterr\u00e0nia(Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica, costa francesa, It\u00e0lia, Balcans).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Boscos i selves: con\u00edferes al nord i muntanya, caducifolis i mixtes al mediterrani<\/li>\n<li>Tundra, landa (heath), torbera (bog): molses, arbustos. Amb l\u00edmits de fins on arriben els r\u00e8ptils i els amfibis.<\/li>\n<li>Aig\u00fces continentals: llacs, rius, estanys<\/li>\n<li>Mar i costes<\/li>\n<li>Praderies, sabanes i matollars temperats (Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands)<\/li>\n<li>Camps i jardins<\/li>\n<li>Muntanyes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"paisatgehuma\">\n<h1><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/geografia-de-catalunya\/\">Geografia de Catalunya<\/a><\/h1>\n<p>Relleu, Conques hidrogr\u00e0fiques, pluviomnetria, vegetaci\u00f3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icgc.cat\/ca\/Descarregues\/Mapes-en-format-d-imatge\/Cobertes-del-sol\">Mapa de cobertes del sol<\/a> de Catalunya ICGC].<\/h2>\n<p>El visor\u00a0 del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icgc.cat\/Descarregues\/Cartografia-vectorial\/Cobertes-del-sol\">ICGC Cobertes del s\u00f2l<\/a> identifica 41 tipus:<br \/>\n1. \u00c0rees agr\u00edcoles: conreus, horta, vinyes, oliverars<br \/>\n2. Boscos<br \/>\n3. \u00c0rees urbanitzades: casc urb\u00e0, zones verdes, industrials, esportives extracci\u00f3 minera o abocadors, xarxa vi\u00e0ria i ferrovi\u00e0ria<br \/>\n4. Masses d&#8217;aigua<\/p>\n<h2>Observatori de paisatges<\/h2>\n<p>N&#8217;ha<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/catalunya-paisatges\/\"> identificat 134<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Folch, Comprendre la natura:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Alta muntanya alpina i subalpina: prats, pi negre i avetosa<\/li>\n<li>Muntanya mitjana medioeuropea: fagedes i rouredes humides, pi roig i avellanosa<\/li>\n<li>Muntanya mediterr\u00e0nea culminal: brolles d&#8217;eri\u00e7\u00f3, savinoses [ La Jonquera, Gavarres]<\/li>\n<li>Muntanya i terra baixa mediterr\u00e0nia: roureda seca i roure martinenc, pi roig i roure de fulla petita, alzinar muntanyenc, alzinar litoral i sureda, carrascar i alzinar continental, alzinar bale\u00e0ric, m\u00e0quia continental de garric i ar\u00e7ot, m\u00e0quina litoral de garric i olivella<\/li>\n<li>Vegetaci\u00f3 de ribera<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>i despr\u00e9s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pins<\/li>\n<li>Alzinars<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e0quies i garriga<\/li>\n<li>Pinedes, brolles i fenassars<\/li>\n<li>Roquissars i pedregalls<\/li>\n<li>Ribera i aigual<\/li>\n<li>Plantes d&#8217;arran de mar<\/li>\n<li>Arvenses i ruderals<\/li>\n<li>Conreus de terra baixa<\/li>\n<li>Arbres ornamentals<\/li>\n<li>Fagedes i rouredes humides<\/li>\n<li>Pinedes i rouredes seques<\/li>\n<li>Matollars, joncedes i herbassars<\/li>\n<li>Prats de dall<\/li>\n<li>Roquissars<\/li>\n<li>Conreus montans<\/li>\n<li>Pinedes, avetoses i matollars<\/li>\n<li>Prats rasos i feners<\/li>\n<li>Mulleres, rierols i roquissars<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h1>Films per veure la terra:<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtMTA4\">Koyaanitsqatsi<\/a> 1982<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtMTk3Mg==\">Aquarela<\/a>, 2018 Viktor Kossakovsky<\/li>\n<li>BBC Richard Attenborough 2019 : <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtNTQ3\">Illes<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtNTQ3\">muntanya<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtNTQ3\">Jungles<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtNTQ3\">desert<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtNTQ3\">prats<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtNTQ3\">ciutats<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dinosaures Richard Attenborough 2022: <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtMjE3NQ==\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtMjE3NQ==\">2<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtMjE3NA==\">3<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtMjE3NA==\">4<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me:5000\/vs\/sharing\/HSuHkFiD#!bW92aWUtMjE3NA==\">5<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La terra, geografia El m\u00f3n, biomes Europa: Corinne i guia Harry Garms Catalunya: Mapa de cobertes del sol a Catalunya, Observatori de paisatges, Folch Films El m\u00f3n Els estudis de zones clim\u00e0tiques proposen 15 biomes de 4 zones, fred, temperat, desert, tr\u00f2pic. Les guies de naturalesa de les latituds temperades, que normalment no tenen ni &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/la-terra-habitats\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;La Terra. H\u00e0bitats&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244,337],"tags":[],"anotacio":[],"civilitzacio":[],"spec":[],"aspecies":[],"Tema poesia":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1357"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1357"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1357\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"anotacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/anotacio?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"civilitzacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/civilitzacio?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"spec","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spec?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"aspecies","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/aspecies?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"Tema poesia","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/Tema poesia?post=1357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}