{"id":1582,"date":"2019-10-15T20:00:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-15T20:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/?p=1582"},"modified":"2026-01-22T08:43:10","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T08:43:10","slug":"drogues-alcohol-antidepressius-analgesics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/drogues-alcohol-antidepressius-analgesics\/","title":{"rendered":"Drogues, alcohol, antidepressius, analg\u00e9sics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/el-cos-huma\/\">El cos hum\u00e0<\/a>\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/el-patiment-normal\/\">El patiment<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/drogues-alcohol-antidepressius-analgesics\/#abusmedicaments\">Ab\u00fas de medicaments legals<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/drogues-alcohol-antidepressius-analgesics\/#abussubstancieslegals\">Ab\u00fas de subst\u00e0ncies legals<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/drogues-alcohol-antidepressius-analgesics\/#abussubstanciesilegals\">Ab\u00fas de subst\u00e0ncies il\u00b7legals<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/drogues-alcohol-antidepressius-analgesics\/#debat\">Debat<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[La vida se&#8217;ns fa tant insuportable que no som capa\u00e7os de tirar endavant sense ingerir medicaments, legals dels quals abusem, o drogues. La metgessa d&#8217;urg\u00e8ncies de la Cl\u00ednica del Remei em deia que un ter\u00e7 dels que arribaven estaven prenent antidepressius ]<\/p>\n<p>Salut mental, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/salut-mental\/#substancies\">ab\u00fas de subst\u00e0ncies<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/salut-mental\/#medicacio\">medicaci\u00f3<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"abusmedicaments\">AB\u00daS DE MEDICAMENTS LEGALS<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugfreeworld.org\/drugfacts\/painkillers\/what-are-painkillers.html\">ANALG\u00c8SICS<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Morfina, codeina<\/li>\n<li>Oxycodone (Percocet, OxyContin), Hydrocodone (Vicodin), Meperidine (Demerol).<br \/>\nEl doctor que cedia a les demandes d&#8217;analg\u00e8sics dels pacients fins a tornar-se addictes (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2014\/05\/05\/prescription-for-disaster\">article<\/a>) . Purdue Pharma, de la fam\u00edlia Sackler, va promoure agressivament l&#8217;Oxicontyn sense prevenir del risc d&#8217;addici\u00f3 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2017\/10\/30\/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain\">article<\/a> ). El resultat ha estat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2017\/10\/30\/faces-of-an-epidemic\">una epid\u00e8mia<\/a> amb desenes de milers de morts. Un cop habituat, la retirada dels medicaments \u00e9s molt dif\u00edcil. A vegades els addictes canvien a l&#8217;hero\u00efna perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s m\u00e9s barata. In 2017, an estimated 1.7 million individuals in the United States suffered from substance use disorders related to prescription opioid pain relievers and 652,000 suffered from a heroin use disorder. During 2017, there were more than 70,200 overdose deaths in the United States and 47,600 of those overdose deaths involved opioids.<\/li>\n<li>Enantium, ibuprofen, paracetamol<\/li>\n<li>[ una de les causes m\u00e9s importants\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/salut\/#impactemalalties\">d&#8217;impacte de les malalties<\/a> \u00e9s el dolor d&#8217;esquena]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<p>ESTIMULANTS: Adderall, Ritalin, amfetamines<\/p>\n<p>ANTIDEPRESSIUS: PROZAC [ hi ha un debat important sobre si realment s\u00f3n efectiu]<\/p>\n<p>VIAGRA<\/p>\n<p>ANSIETAT: Xanax, Klonopin. S\u00f3n addictives<\/p>\n<p>DORMIR: benzodiacepines: Ambien, Diazepan, Lorazepam<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/daily\/2018\/11\/19\/the-psychopharmacology-of-everyday-life\/\">Psicofarmacologia de la vida quotidiana<\/a> , Jamieson Webster. Molts pacients tenen una barreja de tot, depressi\u00f3, ansietat, dificultat per dormir. [ Amb la tecnologia, la vida hauria de ser f\u00e0cil. Per\u00f2 tots patim ansietat]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Suplements vitam\u00ednics. La gent est\u00e0 cansada, o mancada d&#8217;energia, i busquen solucions m\u00e0giques en una ind\u00fastria poc regulada. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2021\/11\/dietary-supplements-mutlivitamins\/620776\/\">Article Atlantic<\/a>)<\/div>\n<div>2023 A UK, 8M prenen antidepressius i 2M els han pres durant m\u00e9s de 5 anys tot i que no est\u00e0\u00a0 recomanat (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-65825012\">BBC<\/a>)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cradletograve.org\/\">Craddle to grave<\/a>, instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 al British Museum<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>En general, les <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/salut\/#tractament\">pastilles m\u00e9s comunes<\/a> als tractaments m\u00e8dics.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/illustracions\/pastilles.jpg\" width=\"1667\" height=\"300\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"abussubstancieslegals\">AB\u00daS DE SUBST\u00c0NCIES LEGALS<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/publications\/global_alcohol_report\/en\/\">ALCOHOL<\/a>: More than 3 million people died as a result of harmful use of alcohol in 2016, according a report released by the World Health Organization (WHO) today. This represents 1 in 20 deaths. More than three quarters of these deaths were among men. Overall, the harmful use of alcohol causes more than 5% of the global disease burden<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/tobacco\">TABAC<\/a>: Tobacco kills up to half of its users. Tobacco kills more than 8 million people each year. More than 7 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while around 1.2 million are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. Around 80% of the world&#8217;s 1.1 billion smokers live in low- and middle-income countries.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"abussubstanciesilegals\">AB\u00daS DE SUBST\u00c0NCIES IL\u00b7LEGALS<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/facts\/psychoactives\/en\/\">WHO<\/a>: It is estimated that 275 million people used illicit drugs, such as cannabis, amphetamines, opioids, and cocaine, in 2016 which translates into an annual prevalence of illicit drug use of 5.6%. Cannabis is most used with 192 million users. Some 31 million of people who use drugs suffer from drug use disorders. It is estimated that there are almost 11 million people who inject drugs. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/wdr2018\/\">informe<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Relaxaci\u00f3, euf\u00f2ria, alleujament dolor<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>192 milions cannabis. Euf\u00f2ria, relaxament<\/li>\n<li>34 milions opioids (sint\u00e8tics Demerol, Oxycodone, Fentanyl, Methadone, Percodan, Percocetheroina) [legal] Disminueix dolor i patiment.<\/li>\n<li>19 opiates (obtinguts de les roselles, heroin, opium, morphine and codeine). Euf\u00f2ria, alleujament del dolor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Estimulants<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>34 milions amfetamines i estimulants<\/li>\n<li>21 milions <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MDMA\">MDMA<\/a>, \u00e8xtasi. Increment energia, empatia i capacitat de sentir plaer<\/li>\n<li>18M coca\u00efna. De les fulles de coca. Estimulant, euf\u00f2ria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/illustracions\/drogues.jpg\" width=\"2581\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Espiritual<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psilocybin\">Psilocybin<\/a>, compost que s&#8217;extreu d&#8217;alguns bolets i fa tenir visions i experi\u00e8ncies espirituals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/10\/21\/my-years-in-the-florida-shuffle-of-drug-addiction\">Florida Suffle<\/a> (el negoci de la rehabilitaci\u00f3) quarta onada d&#8217;epid\u00e8mia de Fentanyl (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-66826895\">BBC<\/a>) que permet un high m\u00e9s prolongat. (<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/identitat-i-bucle-news-spotify-tik-tok\/\">Felicitat vs autenticitat<\/a>) Intent de prohibir l&#8217;exportaci\u00f3 de precursors de Fentanyl per part de Xina a M\u00e8xic [que ja t\u00e9 una ind\u00fastria i xarxa de subministrament de droga als USA on hi ha una demanda enorme] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-67002385\">BBC<\/a><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;enormitat del patiment mundial es propaga. Si hi ha viol\u00e8ncia i inestabilitat a M\u00e8xic i l&#8217;Ecuador (20224, les bandes controlen el pa\u00eds, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-latin-america-67912242\">BBC<\/a>), \u00e9s per l&#8217;enorme demanda dels Estats Units, i Europa. I aquesta demanda es deu a tota la gent que no pot suportar la vida sense consumir.<\/p>\n<p>15734 persones van iniciar tractament d&#8217;addici\u00f3 a Catalunya el 2023, 44% alcohol, 24% coca\u00efna, 14% cannabis (aquesta la m\u00e9s consumida) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elnacional.cat\/ca\/societat\/record-inicis-tractament-addiccions-catalunya-maxima-demanda-1987_1238976_102.html\">El Nacional<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>2025.\u00a0 Un reporter segueix el tr\u00e0fic de fentanyl de M\u00e8xic als USA que Donald Trump s&#8217;ha proposat combatre. [Per\u00f2 sembla que ning\u00fa s&#8217;interroga perqu\u00e8 hi ha tanta gent infeli\u00e7 que no pot viure sense\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cy5ng663d1wo\">BBC<\/a>].<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"debat\">DEBAT<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div><strong>Prohibir, regular o no les subst\u00e0ncies legals<\/strong><br \/>\n[Durant molt de temps no s&#8217;ha actuat contra el tabac per interessos dels productors. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_Morris_v._Uruguay\">Philip Morris va demandar Uruguay<\/a> per la seva legislaci\u00f3 antitabac. A Espanya es va prohibir als llocs de treball el 2006 i a restaurants el 2011 [crec que a Caixabank va ser el 2002].<br \/>\nActualment R\u00fassia, pa\u00efsos de l&#8217;antiga USSR, Alemanya, Fran\u00e7a i UK tenen \u00edndexs molt elevats d&#8217;alcoholisme [A Pol\u00f2nia a les caixes dels supermercats petites neveres servien ampolletes de vodka. A Su\u00e8cia i Finl\u00e0ndia, s\u00f3n un monopoli estatal. Un 25% dels accidents de circulaci\u00f3 es poden atribuir a consum d&#8217;alcohol.<br \/>\nHaur\u00edem d&#8217;imposar alcohol\u00edmetres als vehicles i que no arrenquessin si el conductor no est\u00e0 dins els l\u00edmits?<br \/>\nQuan costa a les finances p\u00fabliques el tractament dels que han abusat de tabac i alcohol? Se&#8217;ls hauria de refusar el pagament?<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Permetre o prohibir el consum de subst\u00e0ncies il\u00b7legals<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>La prohibici\u00f3 o regulaci\u00f3 del consum de subst\u00e0ncies il\u00b7legals d\u00f3na lloc a una ind\u00fastria criminal colossal, entre 500 bilions (UNODC) i 1.6-4 trilions, entre un 2-5% del GPD mundial (IMF). Al problema de salut s&#8217;hi afegeix el problema de viol\u00e8ncia que acaba alterant la vida de pa\u00efsos sencers com M\u00e8xic, Ecuador. A Catalunya hi ha nombroses plantacions clandestines de marihuana.<br \/>\nL\u2019epid\u00e8mia de la droga als USA res remunta a quan van tornar els soldats del vietnam addictes a la marihuana i droga barata. En lloc de regular i legalitzar Nixon va emprendre una batalla. (How America lost the war on drugs). Hi ha hagut molts arguments per descriminalitzar el consum ja que enviar a la pres\u00f3 a joves consumidors els consolida com a delinq\u00fcents fora del sistema. No obstant, l&#8217;experiment d&#8217;Oregon de 2021 de descriminalitzar la droga ha fracassat (NPR).<br \/>\nPortugal: Des de 2001 possessi\u00f3 i consum est\u00e0 perm\u00e8s i els individus s\u00f3n enviats a rehabiltaci\u00f3 i no a la pres\u00f3. A Holanda, Espanya, Tx\u00e8quia, Uruguay, Costa Rica, It\u00e0lia, Su\u00efissa, permeten la possessi\u00f3 i \u00fas de petites quantitats de cannabis.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Aeroports, sala meditaci\u00f3 i fumar<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">2014, aeroport de Ginebra. Una sala de meditaci\u00f3 oberta a totes les creences. Un gran aven\u00e7 de la toler\u00e0ncia impensable fa 5 segles en \u00e8poca de Calv\u00ed. La estava buida &#8230; i la sala de fumadors, estava plena! La vict\u00f2ria de la qu\u00edmica sobre la contemplaci\u00f3? En un m\u00f3n sense drogues il\u00b7legals, imagino un aeroport amb sala de fumadors, dispensador de morfina, coca\u00efna, hero\u00efna, pastilles de tota mena &#8230; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Tamb\u00e9 imagino l&#8217;altre extrem, una civilitzaci\u00f3 on el silenci i els llocs per facilitar la meditaci\u00f3 es consideren essencials.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">El consum, \u00e9s una fugida, o una trobada?<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>L&#8217;alcohol, ens fa ser nosaltres mateixos, m\u00e9s aut\u00e8ntics alliberant-nos de repressions imposades? o ens embruteix en eliminar la identitat que hem constru\u00eft i ens deixa com a zombies? La gent que va al primavera Sound o fa botellots i beu fins a l&#8217;embriaguesa, fugen de si mateixos? o es troben? (<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/identitat-i-bucle-news-spotify-tik-tok\/\">autenticitat<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">El consum\u00a0 fa m\u00e9s lliures i m\u00e9s creatius?\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\nEscriptors, artistes, m\u00fasics, <span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">han fet servir opioides per alleujar el dolor, estimular la creativitat o escapar de la realitat.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Thomas de Quincey (Confessions of an English Opium-Eater), Edgar Allan Poe, Charles Baudelaire, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, William S. Burroughs, Jean Cocteau, Vincent van Gogh, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Amedeo Modigliani. L\u00e0udan, principalment.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Els m\u00fasics de jazz, Charlie Parker, Billie Holiday, Mils Davis, Chet Baker, John Coltrane, Art pepper, Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Fats Navarro, Elvin Jones. Heroina.<br \/>\nOliver Sacks va experimentar amb LSD (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2012\/08\/27\/altered-states\">NewYorker<\/a>).<br \/>\nMolts professionals als USA fan servir Adderal habitualment (<a href=\"https:\/\/pioneerworks.org\/broadcast\/club-med-adderall?utm_source=pocket_mylist\">pioneerworks<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Drogues i dopatge<\/strong><br \/>\nCertes subst\u00e0ncies milloren el rendiment en els esports. El 1999 es va crear l&#8217;ag\u00e8ncia antidopatge <a href=\"http:\/\/wada-ama.org\/\">WADA<\/a> que prohibeix drogues que augmentin el rendiment (esteroides, EPO, hormones de creixement), drogues recreatives quan s&#8217;est\u00e0 competint (cannabis i coca\u00efna) i m\u00e8todes com doping de sang i gens.<br \/>\nEl 2024 es proposen uns <a href=\"https:\/\/enhanced.org\/\">Enhanced Games<\/a> on el dopatge estigui perm\u00e8s.<br \/>\n2024, addicci\u00f3 als esteroides per millorar el f\u00edsic (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gq.com\/story\/why-is-everyone-on-steroids-now\">GQ<\/a>)<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><strong>Drogues i misticisme<\/strong><br \/>\n[Podr\u00edem experimentar amb seguretat, com <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/religio-i-mites-a-lantiga-grecia\/#troia\">Ulisses i les sirenes<\/a>?]<br \/>\nLa psilocibina, extreta de bolets, s&#8217;ha fet servir amb \u00e8xit per tractar la depressi\u00f3 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-61106081\">BBC<\/a>) i els usuaris reporten experi\u00e8ncies m\u00edstiques (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41429-020-0311-8\">Nature<\/a>). Altres subst\u00e0ncies com el 5-MeO-DMT extret de gripaus, duen a experi\u00e8ncies m\u00edstiques (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2022\/03\/28\/the-pied-piper-of-psychedelic-toads\">NewYorker<\/a>). Un sola dosi d&#8217;\u00e8xtasi (MDMA) va fer desistir de les seves idees a un supremacista blanc (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20230614-how-a-dose-of-mdma-transformed-a-white-supremacist\">BBC<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El cos hum\u00e0\u00a0 El patiment Ab\u00fas de medicaments legals. Ab\u00fas de subst\u00e0ncies legals. Ab\u00fas de subst\u00e0ncies il\u00b7legals. Debat [La vida se&#8217;ns fa tant insuportable que no som capa\u00e7os de tirar endavant sense ingerir medicaments, legals dels quals abusem, o drogues. La metgessa d&#8217;urg\u00e8ncies de la Cl\u00ednica del Remei em deia que un ter\u00e7 dels que &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/drogues-alcohol-antidepressius-analgesics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Drogues, alcohol, antidepressius, analg\u00e9sics&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[310],"anotacio":[],"civilitzacio":[],"spec":[],"aspecies":[],"Tema poesia":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1582"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1582"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1582\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1582"},{"taxonomy":"anotacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/anotacio?post=1582"},{"taxonomy":"civilitzacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/civilitzacio?post=1582"},{"taxonomy":"spec","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spec?post=1582"},{"taxonomy":"aspecies","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/aspecies?post=1582"},{"taxonomy":"Tema poesia","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/Tema poesia?post=1582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}