{"id":1943,"date":"2020-07-18T12:22:01","date_gmt":"2020-07-18T12:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/?p=1943"},"modified":"2020-09-03T06:47:52","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T06:47:52","slug":"musicals-1900-1920","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/musicals-1900-1920\/","title":{"rendered":"Musicals 1900 &#8211; 1920"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/4-inventari-tot\/42-cultura\/424-teatre-cinema-dansa\/424-dansa\/\">La Dansa<\/a>\u00a0 |\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/el-musical\/\">El musical<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>ANTECEDENTS<\/p>\n<p>El teatre grec i rom\u00e0, els joglars permeten dir que sempre hi ha hagut com\u00e8dia amb m\u00fasica i ball. M\u00e9s tard tenim John Gay&#8217;s The Beggar&#8217;s Opera (1728), les s\u00e0tires de Jacques Offenbach, les com\u00e8dies de Johan Strauss, les operetes com Die Lustige Witve de Franz Leh\u00e1r, la Zarzuela, el music Hall angl\u00e8s amb les operetes de Gilbert i Sullivan com el Mikado.<\/p>\n<p>Al segle XIX a Am\u00e8rica hi havia els humiliants Minstrel Shows, on actor i ballarins tant blancs com negres, amb la cara pintada, feien una caricatura dels negres presentant-los com a ximples ignorants, amb personatges com Jim Crow i Zip Coon. El g\u00e8nere seguiria fins ben entrat el s.XX amb int\u00e8rprets tant famosos com Al Jonson. S&#8217;escriurien can\u00e7ons expressament per a ell. [ <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/el-racisme-al-mon-de-lespectacle\/\">el racisme al m\u00f3n de l&#8217;espectacle<\/a>]. A m\u00e9s, alguns negres actuaven als <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medicine_show\">Medicine Shows<\/a> i en espectacles per a audi\u00e8ncia exclusivament negra, de com\u00e8dia i circ, que van posar en marxa al sud l&#8217;associaci\u00f3 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theatre_Owners_Booking_Association\">T.O.B.A<\/a> , en particular les Whitman sisters. [MS] . Els negres fusionaven balls ancestrals amb el que es trobaven d&#8217;origen europeu, la Mazurka, la polca, el vals i la quadrilla, la irish Jig i el Lancashire Clog. Marshall Stearns va aplegar Al Minns i Leon James del Savoy, i ballarins de Sierra Leone, \u00c0rica Ocidental i trinidad. I van descobrir afinitats de passos, com el charleston.<\/p>\n<p>El g\u00e8nere de <strong>Vaudeville<\/strong> tenia un seguit d&#8217;atraccions de circ, equilibristes, jocs de mans, tamb\u00e9 cantants i ballarins, i escenes curtes. Del Vaudeville en van sortir artistes extraordinaris com Judy Garland, els Nicholas Brothers. Podien tenir blancs i negres actuant. Alguns Vaudevilles , eren d&#8217;int\u00e8rprets negres per a audi\u00e8ncia negra. I d&#8217;aqu\u00ed en van sortir Ethel Waters (a.k.a. &#8220;Sweet Mama Stringbean&#8221;), Ma Rainey, Bert Williams &#8211; Ziegfeld Follies star, Bessie Smith i Bill &#8220;Bojangles&#8221; Robinson. Hi havia n\u00fameros de blues amb lletres de doble sentit. Va decaure i es va acabar a mitjans dels &#8217;20.<\/p>\n<p>El <strong>Burlesque<\/strong> era un seguit d&#8217;acudits amb escenes de com\u00e8dia i n\u00fameros musicals. Quan va decaure es va intentar reanimar amb n\u00fameros de Strip tease.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/musicals101.com\/1890-1900.htm\">https:\/\/musicals101.com\/1890-1900.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>1900s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.musicals101.com\/1900to10.htm\">http:\/\/www.musicals101.com\/1900to10.htm<\/a>\u00a0 \u00e8poca encara dominada per musicals importats d&#8217;Anglaterra. 1907 The Merry widow de Franz Lehar amb el seu vals posaria m\u00e9s de moda els balls de sal\u00f3<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1902 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz\">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz<\/a>\u00a0, Frank L Baum (film el 1939)<\/li>\n<li>Es consolida la forma de 32 compassos AABA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1910&#8217;s 1920, Tin Pan Alley<\/p>\n<p>Then (<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/musicals101.com\/1910bway.htm\">1910s<\/a><\/strong>) Jerome Kern, Guy Boulton and P.G. Wodehouse took this a step further with the Princess Theatre shows, putting believable people and situations on the musical stage. During the same years, Florenz Ziegfeld introduced his <em>Follies<\/em>, the ultimate stage revue, gran decoraci\u00f3 i noies boniques, que duraria fins als 40s..( <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/1n-jVdaISZ4\">exemple amb noies i blackface<\/a>).\u00a0 Most of New York&#8217;s music publishers had offices on a three block stretch of , West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenueswhere the din of pianists at work was compared to housewives banging tin pans, earning that area and the music publishing industry the nickname <strong>Tin Pan Alley<\/strong>. \u00c9s l&#8217;\u00e8poca dels balls de sal\u00f3 amb Irene i Vernon Castle que consolidarien el foxtrot. [MS\u00a0 Es balla el <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/yD3Ybme_cdc\">cakewalk<\/a>, el Turkey Trot. D&#8217;altres contribucions negres a l&#8217;\u00e8poca serien les composisons de W.C. Handy en blues i Perry Bradford que posaria de moda el Black bottom dance, semblant al Charleston] [Bert Williams fou la primera gran estrella negra a triomfar al m\u00f3n de l&#8217;espectacle, com a cantant i balla aNobody, una can\u00e7\u00f3 famosa de 1905, en la versi\u00f3 original de <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobody_(1905_song)\">Bert Williams<\/a>\u00a0 , ( i <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/8kxDdkphgwQ\">Cecile McLorin Salvant<\/a>\u00a0, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cVQSvG5e9DM\">Nina Simone<\/a>) [ <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irving_Berlin\">Irving Berlin<\/a>, jueu d&#8217;origen rus ]<\/p>\n<p>Cakewalk de Stormy Weather<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Cakewalk   1943\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3NYxgXFRzlw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Vernon i Irene Castle<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Vernon and Irene Castle dancing\" width=\"525\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qkqf9_Wr_Vs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1911 Irving Berlin, Alexander&#8217;s Ragtime Band<\/li>\n<li>1913 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rem.routledge.com\/articles\/darktown-follies-lafayette-theatre-harlem-1913\">Darktown Follies<\/a>, revista amb Bert Williams, amb m\u00fasica i actors negres, que va tenir un gran \u00e8xit, amb hist\u00f2ria d&#8217;amor entre dos negres. Va introduir el Ballin&#8217; the Jack , de Smith &amp; Burris, dos compositors negres, amb passos de ball incorporats ( <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/xWryDF_yyH0\">Gene Kelly i Judy Garland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/-AuzGi_Yq7g\">Gene Kelly<\/a> 1959). I tamb\u00e9 el Texas Tommy.<\/li>\n<li>1914 Watch your step, Irving Berlin, Irene i Vernon Castle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>In the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/musicals101.com\/1920bway.htm\">1920s<\/a><\/strong>, the American musical comedy gained worldwide influence. The 1920s was the busiest decade Broadway would ever know, with as many as fifty new musicals opening in a single season. With employment rates running high and incomes on the increase, record numbers of people could afford $3.50 a seat. With so much demand for entertainment, these years were a time of extraordinary artistic development in the musical theatre. Broadway saw the composing debuts of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cole_Porter\">Cole Porter<\/a> (Episcopali\u00e0 d&#8217;una fam\u00edlia rica, per\u00f2 <a href=\"https:\/\/jewishstandard.timesofisrael.com\/cole-porter-jewish-composer\/\">Rodgers deia que escrivia melodies del mediterr\u00e0 oriental<\/a>,\u00a0 &#8221; He leaned over and said, \u201cI\u2019ll write Jewish tunes.\u201d\u009d, \u201c\u2026he eventually did exactly that. Just hum the melody that goes with \u2018Only you beneath and moon and under the sun\u2019 from \u2018Night and Day,\u2019 or any of \u2018Begin the Beguine,\u2019 or \u2018Love for Sale,\u2019 or \u2018My Heart Belongs to Daddy,\u2019 or \u2018I Love Paris.\u2019 These minor-key melodies are unmistakably eastern Mediterranean.\u201d\u009d It\u2019s ironic, Rodgers went on, that despite the abundance of Jewish composers (Rodgers, Berlin, Kern, Gershwin), \u201cthe most enduring \u2018Jewish\u2019 music\u201d\u009d was written by a Episcopalian millionaire born on a farm in Peru, Indiana, Cole Porter.&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Rodgers\">Rodgers<\/a> and Hart [Rodgers, d&#8217;origen jueu alemany), the Gershwins and many others. The British contributed several intimate reviews and introduced the multi-talented Noel Coward. Kern (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerome_Kern\">Jerome Kern<\/a>, jueu d&#8217;origen alemany) and Oscar Hammerstein II wrote the innovative <em>Showboat<\/em> (1927) the most lasting hit of the 1920s.<\/p>\n<p>[ MS amb Suffle Along hi va haver m\u00e9s musicals negres i el\u00a0 ball es feia m\u00e9s complex. Van escriure n\u00fameros talents com James P. Johnson i Fats Waller. Els bateries aprenien ritmes dels ballarins de claqu\u00e9. Per\u00f2 els millors ballarins es quedaven al Vaudeville on guanyaven m\u00e9s. Els cr\u00edtics apreciaven les innovacions dels balladors negres i en particular Bill Robinson. Per\u00f2 es va plantejar una q\u00fcesti\u00f3 d&#8217;identitat: s&#8217;havien de refinar i assemblar m\u00e9s els blancs? s&#8217;havien de limitar per ser m\u00e9s fidels a les arrels? No es va acabar d&#8217;aprofitar el talent del core\u00f2graf <a href=\"http:\/\/www.streetswing.com\/histmai2\/d2budbrd1.htm\">Buddy Bradley<\/a>, que va acabar treballant a Anglaterra ] A Anglaterra, Noel Coward. Apareixen nous compositors: Rodgers i Hart (Rodgers and Hart&#8217;s early shows were lighthearted romps, but some of their songs had surprising, bittersweet undertones. No lyricist ever eclipsed Larry Hart&#8217;s gift for capturing the heartbreak of hopeless love. Since romantic frustration plagued his private life, this was not altogether surprising.), Cole Porter i els Gershwins. Al Johnson, America&#8217;s top musical stage star of the 1920s was born in a Russian shtetl (a legally segregated Jewish ghetto) in Lithuania sometime during the late 1880s. Soon after his family emigrated to the United States in 1894, young Asa Yoelson decided to become a variety entertainer and changed his name to Al Jolson.<\/p>\n<p>El 1927 es projecta el primer film amb una can\u00e7\u00f3, the Jazz Singer, amb Al Johnson. Les sales comen\u00e7aran a instal\u00b7lar equips de so i aviat filmen amb so pregravat: MGM was the last major studio to switch to sound production, but once it got on the bandwagon, it went first class all the way. The studio&#8217;s sound team invented two vital technologies for <em>Broadway Melody<\/em> \u2013 <strong> sound editing<\/strong> and <strong> pre-recorded soundtracks<\/strong>.\u00a0 (<a href=\"https:\/\/musicals101.com\/1927-30film2.htm\">https:\/\/musicals101.com\/1927-30film2.htm<\/a>)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1921 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XnytvhFvJvU&amp;list=PLe1q0z600YH0qw6AxlGgUlTpvlt3bMkhz&amp;index=6\">Shuffle Along<\/a> (negre), m\u00fasica Noble Sissle i Eubie Blake. With the popular songs &#8220;Love Will Find a Way&#8221; and &#8220;I&#8217;m Just Wild About Harry,&#8221; Shuffle Along became such a hit that the police converted 63rd Street into a one-way thoroughfare to ease the traffic jams a6 curtain time. The show gave several stellar talents their first major breaks, including Josephine Baker, Adelaide Hall and Paul Robeson. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XnytvhFvJvU&amp;list=PLe1q0z600YH0qw6AxlGgUlTpvlt3bMkhz\">revival<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>1922 Plantation Revue (negre)<\/li>\n<li>1923 Runnin&#8217; Wild amb m\u00fasica de James P. Johnson i en particular el n\u00famero <em>Charleston<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>1924 Lady Be Good, Gershwins brought Broadway stardom to Fred Astaire and his sister Adele playing impoverished dancing siblings who try to masquerade their way into a fortune. The title tune and &#8220;Fascinating Rhythm&#8221; became major hits.<\/li>\n<li>1925 No, No Nanette, Vincent Youmans &amp; Irving Caesar&#8217;s, amb <em>Tea for Two<\/em>,<em> I Want to be happy<\/em><\/li>\n<li>1925 Sunny, Jerome Kern, Otto Harbach and Oscar Hammerstein II<\/li>\n<li>1927 Funny Face, Gershwins featured Adele Astaire as a girl trying to get back her diary from her guardian (Fred), opening the way for a series of mishaps. The score included &#8220;S&#8217;Wonderful,&#8221; &#8220;My One And Only,&#8221; and the title tune.<\/li>\n<li>1927 Good News . The plot about a wealthy football hero who has to pass an exam so he can play in the big game and win the impoverished girl he loves inspired a slew of imitations on stage and screen, but none could match the infectious score composed by Ray Henderson with lyrics by Buddy DeSylva and Lew Brown. Their dance-happy songs included &#8220;The Best Things in Life Are Free,&#8221; &#8220;Lucky in Love&#8221; and &#8220;The Varsity Drag,&#8221; a Charleston-style number that became an international dance craze.<\/li>\n<li>1927 Show Boat,Telling the epic story of how the inhabitants of a Mississippi show boat survive from the 1880&#8217;s to the 1920s, this show deals with racism, interracial romance, marital heartbreak and alcoholism \u2013 subjects that had previously been considered taboo in musical theatre.The ground-breaking libretto was matched by an innovative, character-driven score with such hits as &#8220;Make Believe,&#8221;, &#8220;Old Man River&#8221; and &#8220;You Are Love.&#8221; Producci\u00f3 auda\u00e7 de Ziegfield.<\/li>\n<li>1928 Keep Shufflin,(n)<\/li>\n<li>1928 Blackbirds (n), amb Bill Robinson<\/li>\n<li>1928 Paris, Cole Porter,<em> Let&#8217;s do it<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>1929 Deep Harlem, un musical que volia reflectir la m\u00fasica i dansa de l&#8217;\u00c0frica a Harlem<\/li>\n<li>1929 Hot Chocolates (n)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>CINEMA<\/p>\n<p>1927 The Jazz Singer amb Al Johnson<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Dansa\u00a0 |\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 El musical ANTECEDENTS El teatre grec i rom\u00e0, els joglars permeten dir que sempre hi ha hagut com\u00e8dia amb m\u00fasica i ball. M\u00e9s tard tenim John Gay&#8217;s The Beggar&#8217;s Opera (1728), les s\u00e0tires de Jacques Offenbach, les com\u00e8dies de Johan Strauss, les operetes com Die Lustige Witve de Franz Leh\u00e1r, la Zarzuela, &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/musicals-1900-1920\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Musicals 1900 &#8211; 1920&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,482,447],"tags":[401],"anotacio":[],"civilitzacio":[],"spec":[],"aspecies":[],"Tema poesia":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1943"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1943"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1943\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1943"},{"taxonomy":"anotacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/anotacio?post=1943"},{"taxonomy":"civilitzacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/civilitzacio?post=1943"},{"taxonomy":"spec","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spec?post=1943"},{"taxonomy":"aspecies","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/aspecies?post=1943"},{"taxonomy":"Tema poesia","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/Tema poesia?post=1943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}