{"id":2886,"date":"2023-05-02T16:10:26","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T16:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/?p=2886"},"modified":"2023-08-04T12:19:33","modified_gmt":"2023-08-04T12:19:33","slug":"maqam-el-sistema-musical-arab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/maqam-el-sistema-musical-arab\/","title":{"rendered":"Maqam, el sistema musical \u00e0rab"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/4-inventari-tot\/42-cultura\/423-musica\/\">M\u00fasica<\/a> \u00a0|\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/4-inventari-tot\/42-cultura\/423-musica\/423h-historia-de-la-musica\/\">Hist\u00f2ria de la m\u00fasica<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>El terme <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arabic_maqam\">maqam<\/a> apareix per primer cop en tractats de al-Sheikh al-Safadi al sXIV. \u00c9s l&#8217;estructura modal de la m\u00fasica del Nord d&#8217;\u00c0frica, Orient i \u00c0sia central, i hi pertanyen les cultures \u00e0rab, persa, turca i tamb\u00e9 els jueus sefard\u00eds (que havien estat en contacte amb la cultura \u00e0rab a Al-andalus).<\/p>\n<p>Les diferents escales estan formades per dos <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jins\">jins<\/a> o ajnas, de manera similar als tetracords de la m\u00fasica antiga grega. Aqu\u00ed a vegades s\u00f3n de tres o de 5. Els m\u00e9s comuns:<\/p>\n<p>Ajam: una quinta perfecta, com l&#8217;escala major<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/72\/Jins_Ajam.svg\/290px-Jins_Ajam.svg.png\" \/><br \/>\nBayati: d &#8211; g, amb un quart de to a la segona<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/53\/Jins_Bayati.svg\/290px-Jins_Bayati.svg.png\" \/><br \/>\nHijaz: una quarta que es caracteritza per un to i mig entre el 2on i 3er to. Tamb\u00e9 dita escala fr\u00edgia dominant.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/91\/Jins_Hijaz.svg\/290px-Jins_Hijaz.svg.png\" \/><br \/>\nKurd: una quarta que \u00e9s com el mode frigi inicial<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e0\/Jins_Kurd.svg\/290px-Jins_Kurd.svg.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Nahawand: una quarta, com l&#8217;inici de l&#8217;escala menor<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8e\/Jins_Nahawand.svg\/290px-Jins_Nahawand.svg.png\" \/><br \/>\nSaba: semblant al bayati per\u00f2 amb la quarta disminuida, t\u00e9 un car\u00e0cter d&#8217;angoixa o desig.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Jins_Saba.svg\/330px-Jins_Saba.svg.png\" \/><br \/>\nSikah: tres notes comen\u00e7ant amb un quart de to.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Jins_Sikah.svg\/220px-Jins_Sikah.svg.png\" \/><br \/>\nRast: pentacord amb la tercera mig quart de to baixa<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/86\/Jins_Rast.svg\/290px-Jins_Rast.svg.png\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tnone\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<hr \/>\n<p>Les escales, maqams<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>can start exploring <em>maqamat<\/em> by family, or one at a time, by using the Maqam Index.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/f_ajam.php\">\u2018Ajam<\/a> escala major, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/jiharkah.php\">Jiharkah<\/a>, variant de ajam, escala major amb la s\u00e8ptima 1\/4 baix <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/83\/Jiharkah.svg\/220px-Jiharkah.svg.png\" \/><br \/>\n<!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('audio');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2886-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/jiharkah.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/jiharkah.mp3\">http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/jiharkah.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/f_bayati.php\">Bayati<\/a>, semblant a l&#8217;escala menor natural per\u00f2 amb la segona un quart de to baix. Molt popular. <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fd\/Bayati.svg\/220px-Bayati.svg.png\" \/>. Variant Husayni Ushayran<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/Ouchairan-houssaini.png\/220px-Ouchairan-houssaini.png\" \/><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2886-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/bayati.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/bayati.mp3\">http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/bayati.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/f_hijaz.php\">Hijaz<\/a>, com una fr\u00edgia amb la tercera major. (a berklee, mixolidia b9 b13). <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e6\/Hijaz_scale.svg\/220px-Hijaz_scale.svg.png\" \/>. Variant Shad Araban <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/43\/Chadda_arabane.svg\/220px-Chadda_arabane.svg.png\" \/><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2886-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/hijaz.mp3?_=3\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/hijaz.mp3\">http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/hijaz.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/f_kurd.php\">Kurd<\/a>, com la fr\u00edgia<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/f_nahawand.php\">Nahawand<\/a>, menor natural<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/f_nikriz.php\">Nikriz,<\/a> o Nawa Athar,\u00a0 tamb\u00e9 coneguda com escala menor h\u00fangara, <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Nawa_atar.png\/220px-Nawa_atar.png\" \/><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2886-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/nawa.mp3?_=4\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/nawa.mp3\">http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/nawa.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/f_rast.php\">Rast<\/a>, com una d\u00f2rica amb quarts de to] <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/21\/Rast_scale.svg\/220px-Rast_scale.svg.png\" \/><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2886-5\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/rast.mp3?_=5\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/rast.mp3\">http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/rast.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/saba.php\">Saba<\/a>, <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Saba.png\/220px-Saba.png\" \/>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/saba_zamzam.php\">Saba Zamzam<\/a><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2886-6\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/saba.mp3?_=6\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/saba.mp3\">http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/saba.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/f_sikah.php\">Sikah<\/a>, tamb\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/huzam.php\">Huzam<\/a> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e2\/El_houzam.svg\/220px-El_houzam.svg.png\" \/>, variant Rahat al-Arwah <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fd\/Rahat_el_arouah.svg\/220px-Rahat_el_arouah.svg.png\" \/>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.maqamworld.com\/en\/maqam\/sikah_baladi.php\">Sikah Baladi<\/a><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2886-7\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/sikah.mp3?_=7\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/sikah.mp3\">http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/audio\/sikah.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00fasica \u00a0|\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hist\u00f2ria de la m\u00fasica El terme maqam apareix per primer cop en tractats de al-Sheikh al-Safadi al sXIV. \u00c9s l&#8217;estructura modal de la m\u00fasica del Nord d&#8217;\u00c0frica, Orient i \u00c0sia central, i hi pertanyen les cultures \u00e0rab, persa, turca i tamb\u00e9 els jueus sefard\u00eds (que havien estat en contacte amb la cultura \u00e0rab &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/maqam-el-sistema-musical-arab\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Maqam, el sistema musical \u00e0rab&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[605,19],"tags":[],"anotacio":[],"civilitzacio":[],"spec":[],"aspecies":[],"Tema poesia":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2886"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2886"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2886\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2886"},{"taxonomy":"anotacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/anotacio?post=2886"},{"taxonomy":"civilitzacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/civilitzacio?post=2886"},{"taxonomy":"spec","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spec?post=2886"},{"taxonomy":"aspecies","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/aspecies?post=2886"},{"taxonomy":"Tema poesia","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/Tema poesia?post=2886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}