{"id":3671,"date":"2025-12-12T10:34:21","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T10:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/?p=3671"},"modified":"2026-04-02T08:45:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T08:45:40","slug":"orient-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/orient-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Orient"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>esborrany<\/p>\n<p>[orient = m\u00f3n musulma?] \u00e0rab, mesquites, culturalment l&#8217;extenem a tot el Magrib i \u00c0sia central.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/orient-mitja\/\">orient mitja<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0geografia<\/p>\n<p>Turquia, S\u00edria, L\u00edban, Israel, Iraq, Jord\u00e0nia<\/p>\n<p>Pen\u00ednsula ar\u00e0biga: Ar\u00e0bia Saudita, Yemen, Oman, UAE (Dubai), Qatar<\/p>\n<p>Magrib: Marroc i Sahara, Alg\u00e8ria, Tun\u00edsia,\u00a0 Egipte<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0sia Central: Iran, Afganistan, Pakistan, Bangla Desh<\/p>\n<p>Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kirguizistan, Tadkikistan<\/p>\n<p>[ruta de la seda]?<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0frica: Maurit\u00e0nia, Mali, N\u00edger, Txad, Sudan, Etiopia i Som\u00e0lia. Tanz\u00e0nia i Mo\u00e7ambic.<\/p>\n<p>Mal\u00e0isia, Indon\u00e8sia<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg\/960px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>(Cordoba Granada 1992, 2007, Arag\u00f3?)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/any-2003\/\">2003<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/5sGu18CQxEZoouwD9\">Egipte<\/a>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/any-2001\/\">2001<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/23MxtpKgos56b8FE7\">Tanz\u00e0nia<\/a>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/any-1997\/\">1997<\/a>\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/rmGYCrdXELRyXTKZA\">Tun\u00edsia<\/a><\/strong>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/j5eTcP6dS6SEAAK1A\">dibuix<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/any-2022\/\">2022<\/a>: Uzbekistan:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/siG4gUKKnoC3ZR5y7\">Tashkent<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/k8ucUfuPoYZkgRF16\">Khiva<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/nwAKydvsgUL6rhz67\">Bukhara<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/whUJ7WGB4YRfMgDW6\">Samarcanda<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/tBo1tMXgfvxN2b2J8\">Menjar<\/a>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/any-2019\/\">2019<\/a>\u00a0Israel:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/4wtSNduFotkWXFeq9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Galilea<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/vn7AvGUi5Aw4Bd8J9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Judea<\/a>,<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/any-2015\/\">2015<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/fmdDk26oyb65E9wt5\">Jord\u00e0nia<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/any-2001\/\">2001<\/a>\u00a0 Turquia:\u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/r1yj8CfvPSfhkq9RA\">Istanbul<\/a>\u00a0 i\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.app.goo.gl\/FQGuuJ4qHj1mLfiq6\">Capad\u00f2cia<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[Qu\u00e8 faltaria? L\u00edbia, Marroc, Arg\u00e8lia<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/orient\/\">orient<\/a>\u00a0 hist\u00f2ria<\/p>\n<p>Impressions:<\/p>\n<p>A Istanbul, anar caminant pels carrerons dels mercats o qualsevol lloc, i de sobte a l&#8217;hora de la preg\u00e0ria (Adh\u0101n) sentir com s&#8217;eleva el cant dels muezzin ressonant per tot arreu.<\/p>\n<p>milions d&#8217;entrepans, milions de joies, bosses, mocadors, records<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>etimologies <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/etimologies\/#divan\">Divan<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/etimologies\/#otomana\">Otomana<\/a><\/p>\n<p>mobiliari: <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/mobiliari\/#divans\">divans i otomanes<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Turquia<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Etapes i capes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Neolitic <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk\">\u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=2NOT0\">2NOT0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hitites Anat\u00f2lia <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=2HOA0\">2HOA0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Gr\u00e8cia a la costa del mar Egeu, J\u00f2nia, L\u00eddia, E\u00f2lia \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=2HEG2\">2HEG2<\/a>. Persia Aquem\u00e8nida 539-330. <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=2HOP0\">2HOP0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hel\u00b7lenisme Alexandre 330-146 \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=3HEG3\">2HEG3<\/a> . Roma 146-280 \u00a0\u00a0<a style=\"cursor: pointer !important; user-select: none !important;\" href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=2HER2\">2HER2<\/a>,\u00a0 Imperi tard\u00e0 500\u00a0<a style=\"cursor: pointer !important; user-select: none !important;\" href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=3HER3\">2HER3<\/a><br \/>\nComunitats cristianes primitives a les ep\u00edstoles: Les Set Esgl\u00e9sies de l&#8217;Apocalipsi (Efes, Esmirna (Izmir), P\u00e8rgam, Tiatira (Akhisar), Sardes (Sart, prop de Salihli), Filad\u00e8lfia (Ala\u015fehir), Laodicea) s\u00f3n especialment rellevants perqu\u00e8 van rebre cartes directes de Jesucrist dictades a Joan, recollides al llibre de l&#8217;Apocalipsi (2-3). Aquestes ciutats, juntament amb les de Gal\u00e0cia (Antioquia de Pis\u00eddia, Iconi, Listra, Derbe. Antioqu\u00eda de l&#8217;Orontes (Antakya), Fets 12-16) i les associades a l&#8217;activitat de Pau, reflectit a les cartes (com Efes prop de Sel\u00e7uk, Colosses prop de Honaz a Fr\u00edgia, i Tr\u00f2ada Truva, prop de \u00c7anakkale), fan de l&#8217;actual Turquia el territori amb m\u00e9s destinataris d&#8217;ep\u00edstoles del Nou Testament al m\u00f3n, reflectint la seva import\u00e0ncia cabdal en l&#8217;expansi\u00f3 del cristianisme primitiu.<\/li>\n<li>Bizanci 500-643 <a style=\"cursor: pointer !important; user-select: none !important;\" href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=3EB01\">3EB01<\/a> \u00a01071 Decad\u00e8ncia 1453 <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=3EB02\">3EB02<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Imperi otom\u00e0: 100 anys esplendor 1453 a 1566 <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=3OT01\">3OT01<\/a>. 300 anys declivi 1566 a 1840 batalla Lepanto, acaben perdent els Balcans.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=4OT02\">4OT02<\/a> 1840-1914 decad\u00e8ncia, home malalt d&#8217;Europa genocidi armeni kurd. <a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=5OT01\">5OT01<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Republica laica Atat\u00fcrl Kemal(m&#8217;amargor que descriu Orhan Pamuk). Des de 2002, Islamitzaci\u00f3 Erdogan\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/pagina\/fitxa-historia\/?codi=5OT02\">5OT02<\/a><br \/>\n[Al seu llibre Istanbul Pamuk parla de les minories, els jueus al barri de Balat, els cristians cat\u00f2lics,\u00a0 i dels rumies, els cristians ortodoxes a Beyoglu, que van ser atacats pels nacionalistes turcs amb m\u00e9s odi que despr\u00e9s de la conquesta de Constantinopla. ]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/fonsimatges\/Historia\/istanbul.jpg\" width=\"997\" height=\"1024\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cultura<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Arquitecte Sinan<\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes costums Turquia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00edtols honor\u00edfics que s&#8217;acostumen a posar despr\u00e9s del nom:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Efendi: ex. Ahmet Efendi Deriva del grec afendis (senyor, amo). Era el t\u00edtol m\u00e9s com\u00fa i general. S&#8217;utilitzava per a homes educats, professionals (escriptors, funcionaris p\u00fablics) i com a tractament cort\u00e8s per a qualsevol home de certa posici\u00f3 social.<\/li>\n<li>Bey: ex. Mehmet Bey. T\u00edtol turc tradicional, una mica m\u00e9s elevat que &#8220;Efendi&#8221;, podria traduir-se com a &#8220;cavaller&#8221;, &#8220;senyor&#8221; o fins i tot &#8220;governador&#8221; en alguns contextos (ex.: el Bey de Tunis). Abans s&#8217;utilitzava per a oficials militars, alts funcionaris, propietaris terratinents i homes de gran distinci\u00f3. En l&#8217;actualitat, a Turquia s&#8217;usa informalment com el nostre &#8220;senyor&#8221; (equivalent al &#8220;Mr.&#8221; angl\u00e8s).<\/li>\n<li>Pa\u00e7a \/ Paix\u00e0: ex. Kapudan Pa\u015fa, el t\u00edtol m\u00e9s alt i prestigi\u00f3s de l&#8217;Imperi Otom\u00e0. S&#8217;aproxima a &#8220;excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia&#8221; o &#8220;altesa&#8221;. Era concedit pel mateix sold\u00e0 a grans generals, alts almiralls, governs de prov\u00edncies importants (valis) i visirs (ministres).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cuina<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/cuina\/mezes-turquia\/\">Mezes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/cuina\/kisir-amanida-de-bulgur\/\">Kisir<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>esborrany [orient = m\u00f3n musulma?] \u00e0rab, mesquites, culturalment l&#8217;extenem a tot el Magrib i \u00c0sia central. orient mitja\u00a0 \u00a0geografia Turquia, S\u00edria, L\u00edban, Israel, Iraq, Jord\u00e0nia Pen\u00ednsula ar\u00e0biga: Ar\u00e0bia Saudita, Yemen, Oman, UAE (Dubai), Qatar Magrib: Marroc i Sahara, Alg\u00e8ria, Tun\u00edsia,\u00a0 Egipte \u00c0sia Central: Iran, Afganistan, Pakistan, Bangla Desh Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kirguizistan, Tadkikistan [ruta de &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/orient-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Orient&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[282],"tags":[],"anotacio":[],"civilitzacio":[],"spec":[],"aspecies":[],"Tema poesia":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3671"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3671"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3671\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3671"},{"taxonomy":"anotacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/anotacio?post=3671"},{"taxonomy":"civilitzacio","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/civilitzacio?post=3671"},{"taxonomy":"spec","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spec?post=3671"},{"taxonomy":"aspecies","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/aspecies?post=3671"},{"taxonomy":"Tema poesia","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/museu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/Tema poesia?post=3671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}