{"id":1546,"date":"2023-12-19T19:09:11","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T19:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/?p=1546"},"modified":"2026-01-02T09:57:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-02T09:57:36","slug":"ciencia-i-tecnologia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/ciencia-i-tecnologia\/","title":{"rendered":"Ci\u00e8ncia i tecnologia"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Not\u00edcies<\/a><\/p>\n

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Algoritmes i privacitat<\/div>\n
ci\u00e8ncia estancada<\/div>\n
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mar\u00e7 2018<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/theconversation.com\/did-artists-lead-the-way-in-mathematics-75355<\/a> artistes dels mosaics isl\u00e0mics anticipant simetries que els matem\u00e0tics descobriran m\u00e9s tard, Jackson Pollock<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/tech\/elements\/a-physicists-farewell-to-stephen-hawking<\/a>\u00a0en la mort de Stephen Hawking<\/div>\n
https:\/\/medium.freecodecamp.org\/a-painless-intro-to-apis-how-to-use-integrate-benefit-d240fc88a00c<\/a>\u00a0apis per integrar building blocks de software<\/span><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/03\/19\/the-story-of-a-trans-womans-face<\/a>\u00a0la t\u00e8cnica de modificar una cara per que sigui m\u00e9s femenina [qu\u00e8 vol dir femenina?.\u00a0He gradually came to believe that he should try to make his patients look not just like average women but like beautiful women. In part, this was to counterbalance common masculine traits that a trans patient cannot alter, such as the size of her hands. But Ousterhout\u2019s decision also had the effect of upholding certain cultural assumptions about what is beautiful or feminine. As Plemons, who is trans, writes, \u201cFeminine is a term in which biological femaleness and aesthetic desirability collapse.\u201d At the very least, Ousterhout wished to enable his patients to open the door to the UPS guy in their sweatpants, without the armor of makeup or careful hair styling, and be perceived as female. But he also believed that he had the ability to give his patients a face that emulated a feminine ideal.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.vox.com\/science-and-health\/2018\/4\/3\/17188186\/does-it-fart-book-animal-farts-dinosaur-farts<\/a>\u00a0Quins animals es tiren pets<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/articles\/olive-dennis-train-comfort-engineer<\/a><\/div>\n
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dona enginyera de trens<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/04\/02\/how-a-young-woman-lost-her-identity<\/a>,\u00a0 una dona amb una s\u00edndrome que li fa perdre el sentit de la identitat<\/div>\n
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ci\u00e8ncia estancada<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/cross-check\/is-science-hitting-a-wall-part-1\/<\/a>\u00a0ja no s’avan\u00e7a en ci\u00e8ncia? [les preguntes que fem a la natura han tingut unes respostes espectacularment r\u00e0pides per\u00f2 potser estem estancats]<\/div>\n
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http:\/\/nautil.us\/blog\/the-present-phase-of-stagnation-in-the-foundations-of-physics-is-not-normal<\/a>\u00a0la f\u00edsica est\u00e0 estancada, i es van publicant i finan\u00e7ant projectes in\u00fatils<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2018\/11\/diminish7ing-returns-science\/575665\/<\/a><\/div>\n
la ci\u00e8ncia s’est\u00e0 estancant<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/observations\/were-incentivizing-bad-science\/<\/a>\u00a0el sistema actual premia els que publiquen r\u00e0pid i amb menys autocontrol; el resultat \u00e9s ci\u00e8ncia mediocre.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/~chadj\/IdeaPF.pdf<\/a> article sobre que cada cop requereix m\u00e9s esfor\u00e7 arribar a una idea nova<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.ara.cat\/societat\/mapa-galactic-canviara-astronomia-missio-espacial-europea-Gaia_0_2003199871.html<\/a>\u00a0el mapa e la gal\u00e0xia, mat\u00e8ria fosca<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.ara.cat\/societat\/primeres-estrelles-apareixer-milions-despres_0_2015798603.html<\/a>\u00a0les primeres estrelles 250 M anys<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/05\/14\/how-frightened-should-we-be-of-ai<\/a>\u00a0els riscos d’una AGI Articial general Inteligence que agafi el control de tot i deixi els humans com a obsolets [en funci\u00f3 dels objectius que li definim, preservar le planeta? preservar la vida humana?]<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/theconversation.com\/should-i-kill-spiders-in-my-home-an-entomologist-explains-why-not-to-95912<\/a>\u00a0aranyes a casa<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2018\/05\/email-is-dangerous\/560780\/<\/a>\u00a0la hist\u00f2ria del email<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/articles\/do-plants-have-microbiomes<\/a>\u00a0microbiomes a les plantes<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.ara.cat\/suplements\/diumenge\/reptes-ciencia-surten-del-laboratori_0_2026597323.html<\/a><\/div>\n
El reptes d ela ci\u00e8ncia:<\/div>\n
el c\u00e0ncer, Ai als ordinadors, superbacteris, nanotecnologina<\/div>\n
\u00a0gens a la carta, tecnologies qu\u00e0ntiques, el canvi clim\u00e0tic i la s\u00f3ndrome de la granota bullida, el que no explcia el model est\u00e0ndar\u00a0 de les part\u00edcules, la qualitat de l’aire, els materials del futu graf\u00e8 i biomaterials.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/bostonreview.net\/science-nature-philosophy-religion\/tim-maudlin-defeat-reason<\/a><\/div>\n
la realitat i la mec\u00e0nica qu\u00e0ntica, la interpretaci\u00f3 de Copenhague. Kuhn. What is real<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2018\/6\/7\/17437454\/mit-ai-psychopathic-reddit-data-algorithmic-bias<\/a><\/div>\n
experiment d’entrenat AI amb dades de reddit que fan que vegi el m\u00f3n d’una manera negativa.<\/div>\n
Norman is just a thought experiment, but the questions it raises about machine learning algorithms making judgments and decisions based on biased data are urgent and necessary. Those systems, for example, are already used in credit underwriting, deciding whether or not loans are worth guaranteeing. What if an algorithm decides you shouldn\u2019t buy a house or a car? To whom do you appeal? What if you\u2019re not white and a piece of software predicts you\u2019ll commit a crime because of that? There are many, many open questions. Norman\u2019s role is to help us figure out their answers.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/pencilvaniablog.blogspot.com\/2013\/03\/lapices-masats-una-sardana-de-gran.html<\/a>\u00a0llap\u00ecs Masats<\/div>\n
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http:\/\/www.azquotes.com\/author\/6401-Stephen_Hawking<\/a><\/div>\n
Hawking: preguntar qu\u00e8 hi ha abans del ig bang \u00e9s com preguntar qu\u00e8 hi ha al nord del pol nord<\/div>\n
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The human race is just a chemical scum on a moderate-sized planet, orbiting around a very average star in the outer suburb of one among a hundred billion galaxies. We are so insignificant that I can’t believe the whole universe exists for our benefit. That would be like saying that you would disappear if I closed my eyes.<\/div>\n
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I have noticed even people who claim everything is predestined, and that we can do nothing to change it, look before they cross the road.<\/div>\n
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ALGORITMES<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-05469-3<\/a>\u00a0auditant els algoritmes<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/qz.com\/1316050\/tech-companies-just-woke-up-to-a-big-problem-with-their-ai\/<\/a>\u00a0el biaix en els algoritmes<\/div>\n
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http:\/\/nautil.us\/issue\/66\/clockwork\/we-need-an-fda-for-algorithms<\/a>\u00a0cal un organisme que els vigili<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/12\/17\/should-we-be-worried-about-computerized-facial-recognition<\/a>\u00a0tecnologia que permet recon\u00e8ixer vaques a les granges. Moltes ciutats enregistren imatges sense dir com les tracten. Els media venen la informaci\u00f3 de les imatges a empreses publicit\u00e0ries., [si hi afdegim el biaix dels algortimes, el risc \u00e9s molt gran.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2019\/01\/15\/how-do-you-fight-an-algorithm-you-cannot-see\/<\/a>\u00a0Ni que es facin p\u00fablics els algoritmes i les dades, \u00e9s dif\u00edcil saber com funcionen, \u00e9s una black box<\/div>\n
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La nostra identitat digital: el que comnpartim, el que capturen encara que no compartim\u00a0https:\/\/qz.com\/1525661\/your-digital-identity-has-three-layers-and-you-can-only-protect-one-of-them\/<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-47267081<\/a>\u00a0evid\u00e8ncia que en ci\u00e8ncia el deep learning du a resultats euivocats [i si aix\u00f2 es pot verificar en ci\u00e8ncia, molt m\u00e9s ho deu ser en altres terrenys!]<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/how-artificial-intelligence-is-changing-science-20190311\/<\/a>\u00a0ci\u00e8ncia amb Deep data, genrant models autom\u00e0ticament<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/90310803\/here-are-the-data-brokers-quietly-buying-and-selling-your-personal-information<\/a>\u00a0els brokers de les nostres dades personals<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.1843magazine.com\/features\/deepmind-and-google-the-battle-to-control-artificial-intelligence<\/a>\u00a0Qui control DeepMind, el fundador Hasabi o Google?<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/how-to-disappear<\/a>\u00a0maneres d’evitar que recullin dades sobre nosaltres.\u00a0 The Electronic Frontier Foundation\u2019s Surveillance Self-Defense toolkit<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.popularmechanics.com\/technology\/infrastructure\/a20722505\/history-of-steel\/<\/a>\u00a0acer<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/07\/02\/the-neuroscience-of-pain<\/a>\u00a0mri del dolor<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/strange-stories-of-extraordinary-brainsand-what-we-can-learn-from-them-1530286669<\/a>\u00a0cervells que perden la capacitat de tenir el mapa mental, o que s\u00f3n tan emp\u00e0tics que “senten” el que veuen<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/08\/20\/virgin-galactics-rocket-man<\/a>\u00a0vols suborbitals amb Virgin<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/09\/03\/the-mystery-of-people-who-speak-dozens-of-languages<\/a>\u00a0l’aptitud pels llenguatges<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/science\/elements\/after-years-of-abusive-e-mails-the-creator-of-linux-steps-aside<\/a><\/div>\n
Linux<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/09\/17\/what-termites-can-teach-us<\/a>\u00a0Termites<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.space.com\/41363-kepler-exoplanet-hunting-telescope-dead.html<\/a>\u00a0El telescopi ha trobat 3.700 exoplanetes<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=owiwCIhc0I0<\/a>\u00a0Christian Moullec volar amb ocells<\/div>\n
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Un oscil\u00b7Loscopi per 20$\u00a0https:\/\/www.gearbest.com\/testers-detectors\/pp_009471063829.html<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/11\/12\/why-doctors-hate-their-computers<\/a>\u00a0el cicle de vida del software, ajuda al comen\u00e7ament, se li afegeixen prestacions i acaba sent un monstre del qual depenem i complicat de mantenir.\u00a0https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maslach_Burnout_Inventory<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/articles\/whats-inside-fatbergs<\/a>\u00a0un estudi del que hi ha a les clavegueres<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.inverse.com\/article\/51084-reference-genome-human-genetics-testing<\/a>\u00a0el genoma de ref\u00e8mcia que es fa servir als tests cobreix nom\u00e9s una part determinada de la poblaci\u00f3,\u00a0https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reference_genome<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.businessinsider.es\/dna-modified-babies-researcher-under-investigation-suspended-2018-11<\/a>\u00a0cient\u00edfic xin\u00e8s susp\u00e8s despr\u00e9s d’haver editat el codi gen\u00e8tic d’uns bessons<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/12\/10\/the-friendship-that-made-google-huge<\/a>\u00a0els enginyers que van salvar Google<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/11\/26\/learning-to-love-robots<\/a>\u00a0robots,\u00a0 In contrast to Shintoism, Judeo-Christian theology suggests that, by begetting artificial life, you create false idols, who, inexorably, will decide to make your life miserable by destroying it. Take heed from the golem, Dr. Frankenstein\u2019s monster, Mickey Mouse\u2019s enchanted brooms, Dolores in \u201cWestworld\u201d\u2014or, indeed, from try-hard Jibo.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/11\/26\/do-proteins-hold-the-key-to-the-past<\/a>\u00a0rastres de proteines als llibres permeten tenir un rastre bioqu\u00edmic de la gent que els va escriure i fer servir.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/11\/26\/how-to-control-a-machine-with-your-brain<\/a>\u00a0interfase cervell bra\u00e7 rob\u00f2tic<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/articles\/atlas-of-poetic-botany<\/a>\u00a0il\u00b7Lustracions bot\u00e0nica<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/12\/22\/679083038\/researchers-show-parachutes-dont-work-but-there-s-a-catch<\/a>\u00a0sobre el biaix d’alguns articles cient\u00edfics<\/div>\n
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2019<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/01\/09\/magazine\/beauty-evolution-animal.html<\/a>\u00a0L’evoluc\u00f3 no t\u00e9 una bona explicaci\u00f3 pels ornaments o comportaments “in\u00fatils”.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2019\/02\/womens-history-in-science-hidden-footnotes\/582472\/<\/a>\u00a0Dones cient\u00edfiques que no han tingut el reconeixement que mereixien<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2019\/03\/18\/nvidia-ai-turns-sketches-into-photorealistic-landscapes-in-seconds\/<\/a>\u00a0Podem generar paisatges artificials en segons<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/thetoolsweneed.com\/a-few-simple-steps-to-vastly-increase-your-privacy-online\/<\/a><\/div>\n
privacitat al navegador<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-00857-9<\/a>\u00a0interpretaci\u00f3 de resultats inadequada per no entendre l’estad\u00edstica.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-47891902<\/a>\u00a0La imatge d’un forat negre, Katie Bouman<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2019\/04\/just-finless-foods-lab-grown-meat\/587227\/<\/a>\u00a0carn de pollastre de laboratori<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/04\/15\/the-age-of-robot-farmers<\/a>\u00a0robots per fer la collita<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/internethealthreport.org\/2019\/<\/a>\u00a0l’estat d’internet<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/04\/22\/man-woman-and-robot-in-ian-mcewans-new-novel<\/a>\u00a0reflexi\u00f3 sobre els robots a partir d’una novel\u00b7la d’Ian Mcewan<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/the-man-who-tried-to-redeem-the-world-with-logic<\/a>\u00a0Walter Pitts, que va trobar errors al Principia Mathematica de Russell als 12 anys i que intenbt\u00e0 un model matem\u00e0tic del cervell.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/90338390\/the-most-important-tech-boom-designers-are-ignoring<\/a>\u00a0dissenyant aplicacions basades en interacci\u00f3 per veu<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2019\/04\/why-accidents-like-notre-dame-fire-happen\/587956\/<\/a>\u00a0la complicaci\u00f3 dels sistemes autom\u00e0tics de seguretat incrementa el risc<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2011\/04\/25\/the-possibilian<\/a>\u00a0Eagleman i la percepci\u00f3 del cervell, com Kublai Khan fent-se una idea de qu\u00e8 passa a partir dels informes que li arriben.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/05\/06\/the-race-to-develop-the-moon<\/a>\u00a0explotar industrialment la lluna<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/science\/why-plants-dont-die-from-cancer<\/a>\u00a0les plantes suporten molt millor la radiaci\u00f3, com Chernobyl, perqu\u00e8 tenen una forma “oberta” i no “tancada”.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/07\/01\/why-weather-forecasting-keeps-getting-better<\/a>\u00a0la previsi\u00f3 del temps<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2017\/11\/x-google-moonshot-factory\/540648\/<\/a>\u00a0creativitat a Google, projecte X<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-02211-5<\/a>\u00a0oblidar coses no \u00e9s una fallada del funcionament normal de la mem\u00f2ria, requereix activament eliminar certes connexions, per tant t\u00e9 una finalitat.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/the-history-of-ctrl-alt-delete<\/a>\u00a0el PC d’IBM i ctrl-alt-del<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/what-this-drawing-taught-me-about-four-dimensional-spacetime<\/a>\u00a0un dibuix i l’espai temps\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/oakesoakes.com\/<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/welcome-to-pleistocene-park<\/a>\u00a0mamuts<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/av\/technology-49414835\/how-gothic-cathedrals-can-inspire-modern-architecture<\/a>\u00a0estructures inspirades en els catedrals g\u00f2tiques<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/listening-for-extraterrestrial-blah-blah<\/a>\u00a0mesurant l’entropia del llenguatge en animals i persones<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/19-things-you-might-not-know-were-invented-by-women<\/a>\u00a0invents de dones<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/09\/23\/jonathan-ledgard-believes-imagination-could-save-the-world<\/a>\u00a0 una xarxa de drones a \u00c0frica<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-49499444<\/a>\u00a0hist\u00f2ria de la tecnologia, les peces intercanviables a les armes,<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/unified-theory-of-evolution<\/a>\u00a0epigen\u00e8tica Lamarck<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/culture\/annals-of-inquiry\/the-myth-and-magic-of-generating-new-ideas<\/a>\u00a0idees matem\u00e0tiques<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2019\/nov\/29\/how-perus-potato-museum-could-stave-off-world-food-crisis<\/a>\u00a0la diversitat de patates al Per\u00fa<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/12\/02\/big-techs-big-defector<\/a>\u00a0roger mcnamee i la cr\u00edtica a facebook i google<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/12\/09\/taking-virtual-reality-for-a-test-drive<\/a>\u00a0realitat virtual, per a m\u00f3ns ficticis, reunions a dist\u00e0ncia, entrenament de pilots, ajudar a empatitzar amb v\u00edctimes de discriminaci\u00f3,<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/why-are-there-5-280-feet-in-a-mile<\/a>\u00a0la milla ve dels romans, mil passos, cada pas eren uns 5 peus. El furlong era la dist\u00e0ncia que podia llaurar un bou en un dia, i el parlament va establir la milla com a 8 furlongs, cadascun de 660 peus: 5280 peus. D’aqu\u00ed tamb\u00e9 ve acre com a mesura de superf\u00edcie.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/science\/elements\/the-histories-hidden-in-the-periodic-table<\/a>\u00a0Sobre la taula peri\u00f2dica<\/p>\n

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2020<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/01\/20\/the-past-and-the-future-of-the-earths-oldest-trees<\/a>\u00a0Alex ross sobre els Pinus longaeva, els arbres que viuen milers d’anys i com es poden fer servir per la dataci\u00f3 corregint el carboni 14.\u00a0 \u201cA few events are so severe that they show up in every tree,\u201d Salzer said. \u201c2036 B.C., 43 B.C., 627 A.D.\u201d He went on, \u201c2036 B.C. is maybe my favorite. \/\/\u00a0 Humans tend to make a cult of trees. Many ancient traditions posit the existence of a primal tree that embodies eternal life. Reverence surrounds the Bodhi Tree, in Bodh Gaya, India; the Cypress of Abarkuh, in Iran; the Hibakujumoku trees, in Hiroshima, which withstood the atomic blast. There are trees of life, and trees of death. In Schubert\u2019s song \u201cDer Lindenbaum,\u201d from the death-haunted cycle \u201cWinterreise,\u201d a linden tree calls to a disconsolate wanderer, \u201cCome to me, friend, \/ Here you will find rest.\u201d Thomas Mann makes much of that song in \u201cThe Magic Mountain,\u201d finding it symbolic of a civilization hurtling toward its own destruction.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/in-finland-kids-learn-computer-science-without-computers<\/a>\u00a0inl\u00e0ndia, ensenyar a programar sense ordinadors.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-51209050<\/a>\u00a0les capses de Ward<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/lists\/technologies\/2020\/<\/a>\u00a0tecnologies noves<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/the-meaning-of-life<\/a>\u00a0qu\u00e8 entenem per vida? qu\u00e8 \u00e9s un planeta habitable?\u00a0 In other words, the capacity of a planet to sustain life is potentially a very different issue to that of the capacity to initiate life.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/all-your-memories-are-stored-by-one-weird-ancient-molecule<\/a>\u00a0la mem\u00f2ria, neurones, es basa en una prote\u00efna que hauria estat com un virus.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/the-scientific-paper-is-obsolete<\/a>\u00a0elsevier, Wolpram i Mathematica, IPython, notebooks per “experimentar, com el Mathematica per\u00f2 lliure\u00a0https:\/\/jupyter.org\/<\/a>, possible integraci\u00f3 en WP.<\/div>\n
P\u00e9rez told me stories of scientists who sacrificed their academic careers to build software, because building software counted for so little in their field: The creator of matplotlib, probably the most widely used tool for generating plots in scientific papers, was a postdoc in neuroscience but had to leave academia for industry. The same thing happened to the creator of NumPy, a now-ubiquitous tool for numerical computing. P\u00e9rez himself said, \u201cI did get straight-out blunt comments from many, many colleagues, and from senior people and mentors who said: Stop doing this, you\u2019re wasting your career, you\u2019re wasting your talent.\u201d Unabashedly, he said, they\u2019d tell him to \u201cgo back to physics and mathematics and writing papers.\u201d<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/computer-scientist-donald-knuth-cant-stop-telling-stories-20200416\/<\/a>\u00a0art de programa knuth<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/common-sense-comes-to-computers-20200430\/<\/a>\u00a0Intentant aportar sentit com\u00fa a la AI, amb models gr\u00e0fics i deep learning; els models amb regles no han funcionat.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
http:\/\/nautil.us\/issue\/84\/outbreak\/dont-fear-the-robot<\/a>\u00a0el disseny de la roomba<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-52579475<\/a>\u00a0amb les dades dels m\u00f2bils l’ag\u00e8ncia de seguretat pot saber en tot moment on est\u00e0 la gent. Una eina pensada per a controlar terroristes ara serveix per al coronavirus<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/graduate-student-solves-decades-old-conway-knot-problem-20200519\/<\/a>\u00a0una matem\u00e0tica jove soluciona un problema de nusos (guap\u00edssima)<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/05\/18\/thirty-six-thousand-feet-under-the-sea<\/a>\u00a0un submar\u00ed per baixar a la fossa abissal, fet per un milionari i una colla de frikis 48M$<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/05\/18\/the-secret-lives-of-fungi<\/a>\u00a0fongs<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/05\/25\/the-rogue-experimenters<\/a>\u00a0laboratoris de bioenginyeria casolans<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/05\/25\/where-do-eels-come-from<\/a>\u00a0anguiles<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/four-reasons-you-shouldn-t-exist<\/a>\u00a0l’exist\u00e8nciad e l’home \u00e9s improbable<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20170818-voyager-inside-the-worlds-greatest-space-mission<\/a>\u00a0la missi\u00f3 del voyager<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/memories-can-be-injected-and-survive-amputation-and-metamorphosis<\/a>\u00a0cucs partits per la meitat retenen l’aprenentatge a les dues parts, potser la mem\u00f2ria no es desa en una representaci\u00f3 distribu\u00efda<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/07\/31\/protests-surveillance-stingrays-dirtboxes-phone-tracking\/<\/a>\u00a0la\u00a0 policia simulant torres de comunicaci\u00f3 per identificar tel\u00e8fons en uan \u00e0rea o capturar la informaci\u00f3 transmesa.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/omniviolence-is-coming-and-the-world-isn-t-ready<\/a>\u00a0drones de 2 cm poden dur 1 gram d’explosiu i ser programats per atacar qui sigui<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GPT-3<\/a>\u00a0rograma que processa llenguatge natural, pot escriure articles indistingibles dels humans.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/worklife\/article\/20200810-how-a-twitter-clone-heralded-a-no-code-boom<\/a>\u00a0 ja no caldr\u00e0 programar<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/onezero.medium.com\/how-a-band-of-activists-and-one-tech-billionaire-beat-alphabets-smart-city-de19afb5d69e<\/a>\u00a0el frac\u00e0s de la prova de Google de smart city a Toronto, la tecnologia i les dades no ens salvaran.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2020\/08\/22\/us\/hagoromo-chalk-great-big-story-trnd\/index.html<\/a>\u00a0hagaromo, el guix de pissarra que volen els matem\u00e0tics<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.popularmechanics.com\/science\/a33896110\/tiny-nuclear-reactor-government-approval\/<\/a>\u00a0un reactor nuclear petit<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/when-math-gets-impossibly-hard-20200914\/<\/a>\u00a0demostracions d’impossibilitat a matem\u00e0tica<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-54197198<\/a>\u00a0els premis IgNobel<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/av\/uk-england-london-54195597<\/a>\u00a0la matem\u00e0tica de remenar una tassa de te<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-wales-54239180<\/a>\u00a0una televisi\u00f3 vella interfereix amb la internet de tot un poble<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/waitbutwhy.com\/2020\/09\/universe.html<\/a>\u00a0les mides de l’univers<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/the-simple-idea-behind-einstein-s-greatest-discoveries<\/a>\u00a0les idees d’Einstein<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/av\/technology-54327412<\/a>\u00a0nano robots del gruix d’un cabell<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20201007-can-driverless-cars-tackle-climate-change<\/a>\u00a0els cotxes sense conductor necesiten molta tecnologia que consumeix molta energia<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/the-architect-of-modern-algorithms<\/a>\u00a0Barbara Liskov, que va establir l’arquitrectura de la programaci\u00f3<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/09\/28\/the-race-to-redesign-sugar<\/a>\u00a0buscant noves f\u00f3rmules de sucre que satisfacin el gust sense perjudicar la salut.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/09\/28\/the-elusive-peril-of-space-junk<\/a>\u00a0no nom\u00e9s hem emmerdat la terra, sin\u00f3 l’espai que ens envolta.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/computer-scientists-break-traveling-salesperson-record-20201008\/<\/a>\u00a0el problema de trobar la ruta \u00f2ptima per visitar n ciutats<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/10\/05\/how-does-science-really-work<\/a>\u00a0sobre com funciona la ci\u00e8ncia<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/with-a-simple-twist-a-magic-material-is-now-the-big-thing-in-physics<\/a>\u00a0les propietats de tor\u00e7ar una l\u00e0mina de graf\u00e8 [ anem com a l’\u00e8poca de l’alquima, provant, no pas deduint ]<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/stronger-than-steel-able-to-stop-a-speeding-bullet-it-s-super-wood<\/a>\u00a0modificant les propietats de la fusta [ i no dependr\u00edem dels minerals ]<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/huawei-5g-polar-codes-data-breakthrough<\/a>\/ un treball sobre teoria de la informaci\u00f3 va obrir el pas a la tecnologia 5G (juntament amb la desfeta de Nortel, antic proveidor de Caixa aprofitada per Huawei)<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/04\/08\/the-day-the-dinosaurs-died<\/a>\u00a0 evid\u00e8ncia f\u00f2ssil del dia que la caiguda d’un meteorit va causar l’extinci\u00f3 dels dinosaures. Un jaciment amb f\u00f2ssils al voltant del tall KT (cret\u00e0cic – terciari)<\/div>\n
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COVID<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/11\/09<\/a>\/how-the-coronavirus-hacks-the-immune-system, el sistema immunitari i la covid<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/12\/14\/countdown-to-a-coronavirus-vaccine<\/a><\/div>\n
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 <\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2020\/12\/04\/1013294\/google-ai-ethics-research-paper-forced-out-timnit-gebru<\/a>\/ un article de recerca assenyalava que quan la AI de Google incorpora els significats habituals del llenguatge<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/12\/21\/when-a-virus-is-the-cure<\/a> fent servir virus contra bacteris<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/the-map-of-mathematics-20200213<\/a>\/ mapa de les branques de la matem\u00e0tica avui<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/quantas-year-in-math-and-computer-science-2020-20201223<\/a>\/ les descobertes de la matem\u00e0tica el 2020 i com cada vegada \u00e9s m\u00e9s important el paper dels ordinadors.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/how-claude-shannons-information-theory-invented-the-future-20201222<\/a>\/ Claude Shannon<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/how-to-understand-the-universe-when-you-re-stuck-inside-of-it<\/a> Lee Smolin sobre el cosmos com a sistema sense exterior. (ampliat a notes 2020)<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/time.com\/5925206\/why-do-we-dream<\/a>\/ Eagleman , somiem per mantenir el cervell pl\u00e0stic i actiu en abs\u00e8ncia d’est\u00edmuls a la nit, igual que el cas d’un jove a qui li extirparen els ulls epr un c\u00e0ncer i va aprendre a construir una realitat amb ecolocaci\u00f3<\/p>\n

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2021<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/30-years-since-the-human-genome-project-began-whats-next<\/a>\/\u00a0 If physicians were ready to use that information, and patients were ready to act on it, then investing the $1,000 [the going commercial rate<\/a>]\u00a0 to sequence any of our genomes would be trivial in the grand scheme of\u00a0 our medical care for life. So I don\u2019t think that\u2019s the issue. The issue\u00a0 is that at the moment, for a generally healthy person, we wouldn\u2019t know what to do with that information<\/a>. That\u2019s why I haven\u2019t had my genome sequenced yet.<\/div>\n
You haven\u2019t?<\/b><\/div>\n
No.\u00a0 Because we have the technical ability to generate the sequence, and a\u00a0 very good quality one at that. But then there\u2019s this massive gap between\u00a0 having the data in front of us and knowing what it all means. That\u2019s\u00a0 why one of our bold predictions is to get to a place where we know the\u00a0 biological function of every human gene. We\u2019re making progress, but that\u00a0 progress is likely going to be measured more in decades than in years.<\/div>\n
One of the other projects we\u2019re supporting is an effort to get to a reference genome that captures the full multidimensional diversity of humanity. What we have now doesn\u2019t do that<\/a>. If we grab someone from the middle of Asia and sequence their genome, we want to compare their variants to an appropriately matched control group so we can assess any rare changes that might be behind a health problem, or contribute to the risk of developing one. If all we have to compare it to is a standard reference that, like the one we have now, happens to be made from European DNA, it can be really misleading. So the goal of this pan-genome effort<\/a> is to always have available an appropriately ancestrally matched data set available for medical interpretation. Achieving that is also one of our bold predictions.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/books\/under-review\/sciences-demons-from-descartes-to-darwin-and-beyond<\/a> els dimonis com a recurs d’experiment mental a la ci\u00e8ncia<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/01\/18\/crispr-and-the-splice-to-survive<\/a> modificar els gens de les plagues per eliminar-les, com els gripaus d’AUstr\u00e0lia<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-00075-2<\/a> el codi que ha ajudat al progr\u00e9s de la ci\u00e8ncia<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/01\/25\/what-happens-when-you-breathe<\/a> els pulmons<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.popularmechanics.com\/technology\/infrastructure\/g2383\/the-worlds-most-impressive-bridges<\/a>\/ ponts<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2021\/2\/5\/22266752\/uae-china-nasa-mars-missions<\/a> tres missions a Mart<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/02\/08\/the-next-cyberattack-is-already-under-way<\/a> la vulnerabilitat de totes les instal\u00b7lacions a control de hackers, el mercat del zero-day<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/untold-history-americas-zero-day-market\/<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/xgzkek\/machines-are-inventing-new-math-weve-never-seen<\/a> uns algoritmes proposen conjectures a demostrar<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2021\/02\/24\/1014369\/10-breakthrough-technologies-2021\/<\/a> noves tecnologies el 2021<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/in-pictures-56238018<\/a> imatges del Perseverance a Mart<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20210310-the-star-fiend-who-unlocked-the-universe<\/a> Leavit, que not\u00e0 el per\u00edode de les estrelles bin\u00e0ries variables, el que va ser el fonament per calcular la dist\u00e0ncia a la terra<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/03\/08\/how-to-build-an-artificial-heart<\/a>\u00a0 un cor artificial<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/culture\/annals-of-inquiry\/why-computers-wont-make-themselves-smarter<\/a> Ted CHiang sobre l’especulaci\u00f3 d’una AI que faci un salt qualitatiu d’intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia, millorant-se exponencialment (i amena\u00e7ant la ra\u00e7a human)<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/04\/05\/the-collapse-of-puerto-ricos-iconic-telescope<\/a> la p\u00e8rdua del telescopi a radio d’Arecibo<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/what-octopus-dreams-tell-us-about-the-evolution-of-sleep\/<\/a> els canvis en la pell dels pops quan estan adormits (no reaccionen a imatges externes) indicaria que estan somiant.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-56799755<\/a> la nasa fa volar un petit helic\u00f2pter a Mart<\/div>\n
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2021<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/04\/05\/why-animals-dont-get-lost<\/a> sistemes orientaci\u00f3 animals<\/div>\n
By the fourth century B.C., the Greeks had made their way to the Arctic Circle; by the second century A.D., the Romans had reached China; and by the ninth century Indonesians had landed in Madagascar. As time went on, we began supplementing observation and memory with more and more physical tools: the astrolabe, the sextant, the compass, the map, the nautical chart, the global-positioning system.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/05\/10\/how-the-pentagon-started-taking-ufos-seriously<\/a> el pent\u00e0gon i els UFOs<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.popularmechanics.com\/science\/health\/a36503099\/worlds-smallest-implantable-chip\/<\/a> xips < 1mm per mesurar la temperatura<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.popularmechanics.com\/science\/math\/g29251596\/impossible-math-problems\/<\/a> 10 problemes matem\u00e0tics pendents<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/06\/21\/when-graphs-are-a-matter-of-life-and-death<\/a> hist\u00f2ria dels gr\u00e0fics, per explicar, per obtenir organitzar la circulaci\u00f3 dels trens. The scatter plot, which some trace back to the English scientist John Herschel, and which Tufte heralds as \u201cthe greatest of all graphical designs,\u201d allowed statistical graphs to take on the form of two continuous variables at once\u2014temperature, or money, or unemployment rates, or wine consumption\u2014whether it had a real-world physical presence or not. Rather than featuring a single line joining single values as they move over time, these graphs could present clouds of points, each plotted according to two variables. \/\/ A famous example comes from around 1911, when the astronomers Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell independently produced a scatter of a series of stars, plotting their luminosity against their color, moving across the spectrum from blue to red. (A star\u2019s color is determined by its surface temperature; its luminosity, or intrinsic brightness, is determined both by its surface temperature and by its size.) The result, as Friendly and Wainer concede, is \u201cnot a graph of great beauty,\u201d but it did revolutionize astrophysics. The scatter plot showed that the stars were distributed not at random but concentrated in groups, huddled together by type. These clusters would prove to be home to the blue and red giants, and also the red and white dwarfs.\/\/ If three dimensions are possible, though, why not four? Or four hundred? Today, much of data science is founded on precisely these high-dimensional spaces. \/\/ These are scatter plots that no one ever needs to see. They exist in vast number arrays on the hard drives of powerful computers, turned and manipulated as though the distances between the imagined dots were real. Data visualization has progressed from a means of making things tractable and comprehensible on the page to an automated hunt for clusters and connections, with trained machines that do the searching. Patterns still emerge and drive our understanding of the world forward, even if they are no longer visible to the human eye. But these modern innovations exist only because of the original insight that it was possible to think of numbers visually. The invention of graphs and charts was a much quieter affair than that of the telescope, but these tools have done just as much to change how and what we see.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.popularmechanics.com\/military\/navy-ships\/a37093943\/uss-gerald-ford-aircraft-carrier-problems\/<\/a> un portaavions que no va perqu\u00e8 s’hi van introduir massa novetats tecnol\u00f2giques sense provar,<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.elnacional.cat\/ca\/internacional\/exercit-america-assegura-pot-predir-futur-diversos-dies-avancat_634892_102.html<\/a> AI militar per predir qu\u00e8 passar\u00e0 uns dies abans<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/08\/16\/nasas-new-telescope-will-show-us-the-infancy-of-the-universe<\/a> nou telescopi en \u00f2rbita<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/karen-miga-fills-in-the-missing-pieces-of-our-genome-20210908\/<\/a> acabant de desxifrar el genoma [ tots tenim el mateix gen a la mateixa posici\u00f3? \u00e9s a dir, a la “capsa” 24 tots tenim un contingut que codifica el color dels ulls, per exemple?]<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/cars-going-electric-what-happens-used-batteries\/<\/a> els reptes de desfer-nos o reciclar les bateries usades<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/11\/01\/where-have-all-the-insects-gone-e-o-wilson-silent-earth<\/a><\/div>\n
El bi\u00f2leg E.O.Wilson. Insects are, of course, also vital. They\u2019re by far the largest class of animals on Earth, with roughly a million named species and probably four times that many awaiting identification. (Robert May, an Australian scientist who helped develop the field of theoretical ecology, once noted, \u201cTo a first approximation, all species are insects.\u201d) They support most terrestrial food chains, serve as the planet\u2019s chief pollinators, and act as crucial decomposers. Goulson quotes Wilson\u2019s observation: \u201cIf all mankind were to disappear, the world would regenerate back to the rich state of equilibrium that existed 10,000 years ago. If insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos.\u201d<\/div>\n
Wilson, who\u2019s been called the \u201cfather of biodiversity,\u201d has a bigger idea. In \u201cHalf-Earth: Our Planet\u2019s Fight for Life\u201d (2016), he argues that the only way to preserve the world\u2019s insects\u2014and, for that matter, everything else\u2014is to set aside fifty per cent of it in \u201cinviolable reserves.\u201d He arrived at the figure, he explains, using the principles of island biogeography; on fifty per cent of the globe, he calculates, roughly eighty-five per cent of the planet\u2019s species could be saved.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2021\/11\/whaling-whales-food-krill-iron\/620604\/<\/a> les balenes no nom\u00e9s consumeixen krill sin\u00f3 que quan defequen deixen caure al fons ferro i altres materials que serviran per que torni a cr\u00e9ixer la poblaci\u00f3 de fitoplancton.\u00a0 Elles transporten el ferro de l’atlantic, on ve de la pls del sahara, al sud.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/how-ecological-thinking-fills-the-gaps-in-biomedicine<\/a> la ecerca sobre el paper del microbioma i els intestins, i la relaci\u00f3 amb malalties aparentment no relacionades com l’esquizofr\u00e8nia o el PArkinson indicarien que el cos funciona m\u00e9s com un ecosistema, recordant la teoria de l’equilibri dels 4 humors, que no pas com una m\u00e0quina [ com la pintava Fritz Kahn ]<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20211115-how-your-microbiome-can-improve-your-health<\/a> microbioma, salut, transplantament fecal<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/22787426\/netflix-cdn-open-connect<\/a> la tecnologia de 17000 servidors per que no falli l’streaming. AI anticipa qu\u00e8 voldr\u00e0 veure la gent i ho copia als servidors en hores de poc tr\u00e0fic.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/theundefeated.com\/features\/stephon-alexander-fear-of-a-black-universe\/<\/a><\/div>\n
We think that quantum mechanics is something that operates on the microscopic scale. And there\u2019s some cases in material systems like metals, superconductors and superfluids where quantum mechanics can operate. But when we start talking about scales of people and buildings and planets, the world is classical, and quantum mechanical effects get washed out.<\/div>\n
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Contrasenya al m\u00f3n anal\u00f2gic<\/div>\n
Four Max Carrados Detective (Bramah, Ernest)<\/div>\n
– Your Highlight on page 75 | location 1142-1146 | Added on Monday, 5 July 2021 15:50:21<\/div>\n
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\u201cThat simplifies the argument. Let us consider fraud. There again the precautions are so rigid that many people pronounce the forms a nuisance. I confess that I do not. I regard them as a means of protecting my own property and I cheerfully sign my name and give my password, which the manager compares with his record-book before he releases the first lock of my safe. The signature is burned before my eyes in a sort of crucible there, the password is of my own choosing and is written only in a book that no one but the manager ever sees, and my key is the sole one in existence.\u201d<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/22789561\/nasa-jwst-james-webb-space-telescope-priorities-astronomy-astrophysics-exoplanets<\/a> el telesocpi James Webb<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/12\/13\/creating-a-better-leaf<\/a><\/div>\n
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This story begins about two billion years ago, when the world, if not young, exactly, was a lot more impressionable. The planet spun faster, so the sun rose every twenty-one hours. The earliest continents were forming\u2014Arctica, for instance, which persists as bits and pieces of Siberia. Most of the globe was given over to oceans, and the oceans teemed with microbes.<\/div>\n
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Some of these microbes\u2014the group known as cyanobacteria\u2014had mastered a peculiarly powerful form of alchemy. They lived off sunlight, which they converted into sugar. As a waste product, they gave off oxygen. Cyanobacteria were so plentiful, and so good at what they did, that they changed the world. They altered the oceans\u2019 chemistry, and then the atmosphere\u2019s. Formerly in short supply, oxygen became abundant. Anything that couldn\u2019t tolerate it either died off or retreated to some dark, airless corner.<\/div>\n
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One day, another organism\u2014a sort of proto-alga\u2014devoured a cyanobacterium. Instead of being destroyed, as you might expect, the bacterium took up residence, like Jonah in the whale. This accommodation, unlikely as it was, sent life in a new direction. The secret to photosynthesis passed to the alga and all its heirs.<\/div>\n
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A billion years went by. The planet\u2019s rotation slowed. The continents crashed together to form a supercontinent, Rodinia, then drifted apart again. The alga\u2019s heirs diversified.<\/div>\n
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One side of the family stuck to the water. Another branch set out to colonize dry land. The first explorers stayed small and low to the ground. (These were probably related to liverworts.) Eventually, they were joined by the ancestors of today\u2019s ferns and mosses. There was so much empty space\u2014and hence available light\u2014that plants, as one botanist has put it, found terrestrial life \u201cirresistible.\u201d They spread out their fronds and began to grow taller. The rise of plants made possible the rise of plant-eating animals. During the Carboniferous period, towering tree ferns and giant club mosses covered the earth, and insects with wingspans of more than two feet flitted through them.<\/div>\n
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Some two hundred million years later, in the early Cretaceous, plants with flowers appeared on the scene. They were so fabulously successful that they soon took over. (Charles Darwin was deeply troubled by the sudden appearance of flowering plants in the fossil record, describing it as an \u201cabominable mystery.\u201d) Later still, grasses and cacti evolved.<\/div>\n
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Through it all, plants continued to make a living more or less the same way they had since that ancient cyanobacterium took up with the alga. Photosynthesis remained remarkably stable over thousands of millennia of natural selection. It didn\u2019t change when humans began to domesticate plants, ten thousand years ago, or, later, when they figured out how to irrigate, fertilize, and, finally, hybridize them. It always worked well enough to power the planet\u2014that is, until now.<\/div>\n
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Stephen Long is a professor of plant biology and crop sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and the director of a project called Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency, or RIPE. The premise of RIPE is that, as remarkable as photosynthesis may be, it needs to do better.<\/div>\n
In 1999, Long decided that he would create his own version of photosynthesis. By this time, he\u2019d moved to the University of Illinois, where many of the major discoveries about the process had been made. Long\u2019s idea was to build a computer simulation that would model each of the hundred and fifty-odd steps in photosynthesis as a differential equation. The effort dragged on for years, in part because Long\u2019s program kept crashing. Eventually, he got in touch with a computer scientist who worked for NASA on rocket engines.<\/div>\n
Because photosynthesis is so complicated, and because the math involved is also complicated, Long\u2019s model requires a phenomenal amount of computing power. To simulate the performance of a single leaf over the course of a few minutes, it must make millions of calculations.<\/div>\n
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One of the opportunities that Long identified in his 2006 paper involves a process known as nonphotochemical quenching, or N.P.Q. Obviously, plants need light, but, like us, they can suffer from too much of it. N.P.Q. enables them to protect themselves by dissipating excess light as heat. The problem is that N.P.Q. is sluggish; once initiated, it\u2019s slow to stop, even as light conditions change. Long\u2019s model suggested that some clever genetic modifications could make the process nimbler.<\/div>\n
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Researchers at RIPE set about testing this proposition on tobacco plants, which are sort of the lab rats of the ag world. They inserted three extra genes into the plants, then raised them in greenhouses. The modified plants did, indeed, outperform ordinary tobacco plants\u2014they grew faster and put on more weight. The team then ran field trials. Long nervously awaited the outcome. The results were even better than he\u2019d hoped: the modified plants outperformed the control plants by up to twenty per cent.<\/div>\n
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In 1967, two sober-minded men published a book with a sensational title: \u201cFamine\u20141975!\u201d The authors, William and Paul Paddock, were brothers; William was an agronomist, Paul a retired Foreign Service officer. \u201cA collision between exploding population and static agriculture is imminent,\u201d the Paddocks wrote. They declared, \u201cThe conclusion is clear: there is no possibility of improving agriculture . . . soon enough to avert famine.\u201d<\/div>\n
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\u201cFamine\u20141975!\u201d was followed by \u201cThe Population Bomb,\u201d by the Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich, published in 1968. Ehrlich, too, declared disaster unavoidable. \u201cThe battle to feed all of humanity is over,\u201d he wrote. \u201cIn the 1970\u2019s the world will undergo famines\u2014hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now.\u201d Ehrlich became a regular guest on the \u201cTonight Show,\u201d and \u201cThe Population Bomb\u201d sold more than two million copies.<\/div>\n
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The catastrophe failed to materialize. Ehrlich and the Paddocks were wrong about the future of agriculture. Even as they were writing, the seeds\u2014both literal and metaphorical\u2014were being sown for what would become known as the Green Revolution.<\/div>\n
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At the vanguard of the revolution was Norman Borlaug, a plant pathologist who worked for the Rockefeller Foundation at an agricultural-research station in Mexico. By painstakingly breeding wheat over the course of two decades, he developed a series of highly productive, disease-resistant varieties. The varieties were unusually stocky\u2014they\u2019d been bred using dwarf strains\u2014and this allowed them to put more energy into their kernels and less into their stalks. As the varieties were adopted, yields shot up; in the two decades following the publication of \u201cFamine\u20141975!,\u201d wheat production in Mexico nearly doubled. During the same period in India, it more than tripled.<\/div>\n
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Many experts shared their anxiety. In the mid-sixties, the global population was growing by more than two per cent a year, which is believed to be the highest rate in human history. In a number of developing countries\u2014Brazil and Ethiopia, for instance\u2014the annual rate was closer to three per cent. Agricultural production wasn\u2019t keeping up.<\/div>\n
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For his efforts, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. \u201cMore than any other single person of this age, he has helped to provide bread for a hungry world,\u201d the chairwoman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee stated.<\/div>\n
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Like most revolutions, the green one had unintended consequences. The new, high-yield varieties were needy; to realize their full potential, they required plenty of fertilizer, pesticides, and water. These \u201cinputs,\u201d in turn, required money. The bulk of the benefits thus accrued to those with resources. Farms became bigger and more mechanized, developments that often cost the very poorest agricultural workers their livelihoods. Research suggests that the new varieties, combined with the agricultural practices they promoted, exacerbated inequality.<\/div>\n
\u201cThe availability of 60% cheaper rice would be little consolation to someone who had lost 100% of their income as a result of the Green Revolution,\u201d Raj Patel, a research professor at the University of Texas at Austin, has written.<\/div>\n
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The ecological costs, too, were high, and by many accounts these are still growing. Fertilizer runoff has filled rivers and lakes with nutrients, producing algae blooms and aquatic \u201cdead zones.\u201d Increased pesticide use has had the perverse effect of doing in many of the beneficial insects that once kept pests in check. The demands of irrigation have emptied aquifers. In the northern Indian state of Punjab, an early center of the Green Revolution, groundwater is being pumped out so much faster than it can be replenished that the water table is falling by about three feet a year.<\/div>\n
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It is often said that the world now needs a New Green Revolution, or a Second Green Revolution, or Green Revolution 2.0. The rate of yield growth for crops like wheat, rice, and corn appears to be plateauing, and the number of people who are hungry is once again on the rise. The world\u2019s population, meanwhile, continues to increase; now almost eight billion, it\u2019s projected to reach nearly ten billion by 2050. Income gains in countries like China are increasing the consumption of meat, which requires ever more grain and forage to produce. To meet the expected demand, global agricultural output will have to rise by almost seventy per cent during the next thirty years. Such an increase would be tough to achieve in the best of times, which the coming decades are not likely to be.<\/div>\n
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RIPE\u2019s test plots are to the average farm what a Tesla is to a Model T. Looming above the plots are hundred-and-fifty-foot-tall metal towers strung with guy wires. The wires are controlled by computerized winches imported from Austria\u2014a setup that was originally devised to film professional sports matches. RIPE\u2019s setup carries sensors that, among other things, shoot out laser beams and detect infrared radiation. When I visited, the sensors had just been installed; the idea was to track the plants\u2019 progress on a day-to-day basis.<\/div>\n
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Long is particularly keen on getting photosynthetically souped-up seed to farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, a region that didn\u2019t much benefit from the yield gains of the original Green Revolution. Today, more than two hundred million people there are chronically undernourished.<\/div>\n
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\u201cIf we can provide smallholder farmers in Africa with technologies that will produce more food and give them a better livelihood, that\u2019s what really motivates the team,\u201d Long told me. One of the Gates Foundation\u2019s stipulations is that any breakthroughs that result from RIPE\u2019s work be made available \u201cat an affordable price\u201d to companies or government agencies that supply seed to farmers in the world\u2019s poorest countries.<\/div>\n
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A recent study noted that at least two dozen G.M. food crops\u2014some modified for insect resistance, others for salt tolerance\u2014have been submitted to regulatory agencies in the region but remain in limbo.<\/div>\n
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\u201cA host of viable technologies continue to sit on the shelf, frequently due to regulatory paralysis,\u201d the study observed. (In the U.S., practically all of the soy and corn grown is genetically modified; other approved G.M. food crops include apples, potatoes, papayas, sugar beets, and canola. In Europe, by contrast, G.M. crops are generally banned.)<\/div>\n
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Some thirty million years ago, a plant\u2014no one knows exactly which one, but probably it was a grass\u2014came up with its own hack to improve photosynthesis. The hack didn\u2019t alter the steps involved in the process; instead, it added new ones. The new steps concentrated CO2 around RuBisCo, effectively eliminating the enzyme\u2019s opportunity to make a mistake. (To extend the assembly-line metaphor, imagine a worker surrounded by crateloads of the right parts and none of the wrong ones.) At the time, carbon-dioxide levels in the atmosphere were falling\u2014a trend that would continue more or less until humans figured out how to burn fossil fuels\u2014so even though the hack cost the plant some energy, it offered a net gain. In fact, it proved so useful that other plants soon followed suit. What\u2019s now known as C4 photosynthesis evolved independently at least forty-five times, in nineteen different plant families. (The term \u201cC4\u201d refers to a four-carbon compound that\u2019s produced in one of the supplemental steps.) Nowadays, several of the world\u2019s key crop plants are C4, including corn, millet, and sorghum, and so are several of the world\u2019s key weeds, like crabgrass and tumbleweed.<\/div>\n
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C4 photosynthesis isn\u2019t just more efficient than ordinary photosynthesis, which is known as C3. It also requires less water and less nitrogen, and so, in turn, less fertilizer. About twenty-five years ago, a plant physiologist named John Sheehy came up with what many other plant physiologists considered to be an absurd idea. He decided that rice, which is a C3 plant, should be transformed into a C4. Like Long, Sheehy was from England, but he was working in the Philippines, at the research institute where, in the nineteen-sixties, breeders had developed the rice varieties that helped spark the Green Revolution. In 1999, Sheehy hosted a meeting at the institute to discuss his idea. The general opinion of the participants was that it was impossible.<\/div>\n
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But, in many ways, the twenty-first century\u2019s problems are holdovers from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and it\u2019s not clear whether the new tools are a better match for them than the old. As Mabaya, who also serves as the chief scientific adviser for the African Seed Access Index, pointed out to me, researchers have already developed plenty of improved varieties for sub-Saharan Africa, using conventional breeding methods.<\/div>\n
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\u201cMost of the varieties, maybe eighty per cent of them, just end up on the shelf,\u201d he said. \u201cThey never reach smallholder farmers.\u201d (The Access Index, which is working to identify the choke points in African seed systems, is another group funded, in part, by the Gates Foundation.)<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/12\/06\/understanding-the-body-electric<\/div>\n
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Timothy J. Jorgensen, a professor of radiation medicine at Georgetown University, writes in his new book, \u201cSpark\u201d (Princeton), that \u201clife is nothing if not electrical.\u201d In our daily lives, seeing lightning in the sky or plugging our appliances into wall sockets, we tend to neglect this fact. Jorgensen\u2019s aim, in this chatty, wide-ranging tour of electricity\u2019s role in biology and medicine, is to show us that every experience we have of our selves\u2014from the senses of sight, smell, and sound to our movements and our thoughts\u2014depends on electrical impulses.<\/div>\n
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He starts with amber, the material with which humans probably first attempted to harness electricity for medical uses. Amber is the fossilized resin of prehistoric trees; when rubbed, it becomes charged with static electricity. It can attract small bits of matter, such as fluff, and emit shocks, and these properties made it seem magical. Amber pendants have been found dating back to 12,000 B.C., and Jorgensen writes that such jewelry would have been valued for much more than its beauty. In the era of recorded history, accounts of amber\u2019s use abound. The ancient Greeks massaged the ailing with it, believing, Jorgensen writes, that its \u201cattractive forces would pull the pain out of their bodies,\u201d and it is the Greek word for amber\u2014elektron\u2014that gives us an entire vocabulary for electrical properties. In first-century Rome, Pliny the Elder wrote that wearing amber around the neck could prevent throat diseases and even mental illness. The Romans also used non-static electricity from torpedo fish, a name for various species of electric ray, to deliver shocks to patients with maladies including headaches and hemorrhoids.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/youtu.be\/wr_ERUAZflw<\/div>\n
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As late as the sixteenth century, the eminent Swiss physician Paracelsus called amber \u201ca noble medicine for the head, stomach, intestines and other sinews complaints.\u201d Not long afterward, the English scientist William Gilbert found that other substances, such as wax and glass, could generate charge if you rubbed them, and a German named Otto von Guericke created a crude electrostatic generator. But there was no reliable way of studying electricity until the invention of the Leyden jar, in 1745. (The jar takes its name from the city where a Dutch scientist developed it, though a German scientist achieved the same breakthrough independently around the same time.) The Leyden jar made it possible to accumulate charge from static electricity and then release it as electric current, and Jorgensen does not skimp on relating the bizarre experiments that ensued. In 1747, a French cleric named Jean-Antoine Nollet demonstrated the effect of electricity on the human body for King Louis XV<\/div>\n
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The discovery that electricity not only shocks the body but is part of what powers it came in the seventeen-eighties, when the Italian scientist Luigi Galvani conducted a series of experiments in which electric current produced movement in severed legs of frogs. Galvani attributed this discovery to what he called \u201canimal electricity,\u201d and for a while the study of such phenomena was known as galvanism. (Meanwhile, a sometime rival of Galvani\u2019s, Alessandro Volta, invented the battery, giving his name to the volt.) Perhaps the most famous galvanic demonstration was conducted by Galvani\u2019s nephew Giovanni Aldini, in January, 1803, in London. In front of an audience, he applied electrodes to the corpse of a man, George Foster, who had just been hanged at Newgate Prison for the murder of his wife and child. Jorgensen quotes a report from the Newgate Calendar, a popular publication that relayed grisly details of executions:<\/div>\n
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\u00a0 \u00a0 On the first application of the process to the face, the jaws of the deceased criminal began to quiver, and the adjoining muscles were horribly contorted, and one eye was actually opened. In the subsequent part of the process, the right hand was raised and clenched, and the legs and thighs were set in motion.<\/div>\n
Some of the onlookers thought that Aldini was trying to bring Foster back to life, Jorgensen writes. He goes on to note that Aldini\u2019s work drew the interest of the English writer and political philosopher William Godwin, who knew many electrical researchers. Godwin was the father of Mary Shelley, the author of \u201cFrankenstein\u201d (1818), which eventually gave us the image of Boris Karloff as the monster with electrodes sticking out from his neck. That image is pure Hollywood invention\u2014Shelley\u2019s monster doesn\u2019t run on electricity\u2014but the book mentions galvanism elsewhere and it is likely that the popular, bastardized version of the tale brings out something latent in the original.<\/div>\n
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As interest in electricity spread, there was a medical craze for electrical treatments, to address anything from headaches to bad thoughts or sexual difficulties. Jorgensen tries out the Toepler Influence Machine, a device dating from around 1900, not long before the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 brought a colorful era of electro-quackery to an end.<\/div>\n
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Why are some people injured or killed by lightning and others not? Jorgensen offers an educational vignette. While on a guided camping trip in the Blue Ridge Mountains in North Carolina, he was caught in a lightning storm. The guide made the group \u201cstand on our backpacks in a crouched fetal position, legs held tightly together, with our heads down and our rain ponchos draped over ourselves.\u201d Deaths from lightning occur in various ways\u2014a direct strike, say, or a current from a strike nearby that flows through the ground and up into the body. Crouching down while standing on a backpack made of a nonconductive material lessens both kinds of risk.<\/div>\n
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The amperage needed to kill a person is surprisingly small. A current of as little as 0.01 amps can disrupt the electrical signals flowing from our nerves to the muscles of the chest and diaphragm, causing asphyxiation. Amperage ten times higher can stop the heart outright. What makes lightning seem \u201cso capricious,\u201d as Jorgensen puts it, is that some people are killed by low amperage while others survive direct strikes. The reason is a phenomenon called flashover, in which electric current flows over the surface of the body and largely bypasses the internal organs. Flashover occurs when the surface of the body is more conductive than the inside\u2014for instance, if the skin is covered in sweat.<\/div>\n
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Shocking the brain with electricity under highly controlled circumstances can be effective in treating major depressive disorders, even though the precise mechanism isn\u2019t fully understood. A more selective and recently developed neurological application of electricity is deep brain stimulation, or DBS, which is used to treat Parkinson\u2019s disease and other motor disorders. Electrodes are implanted in the area of the brain to be electrically stimulated and wired up to a controller housed in the chest.<\/div>\n
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DBS is sometimes described as a pacemaker for the brain. Electrical stimulation of the heart has a longer history, the first pacemaker having been implanted in 1958. An electrode is threaded inside the heart which gives small shocks at a rate of about sixty per minute, in order to stimulate the muscle to pump normally. Jorgensen notes that the technology owes its success largely to the invention of a commercially viable transistor, in 1948, which made possible the miniaturization of electronics. Today, some three million Americans are estimated to have a cardiac pacemaker, and the device has become a model for a newer invention, the \u201cbreathing pacemaker,\u201d to treat sleep apnea. \u201cWhen breathing stops, it sends an electrical impulse to an electrode in the throat that shocks the relaxed tissues into contracting, thus reopening the airway,\u201d Jorgensen writes.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.vox.com\/science-and-health\/22837897\/11-epic-mysteries-scientists-totally-cant-solve<\/a><\/div>\n
el que no sabem explicar<\/div>\n
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What is most of the universe made out of? Dark Matter, unexplained<\/div>\n
What lives in the ocean\u2019s \u201ctwilight zone\u201d? As you dive deeper into the ocean, less and less sunlight shines through, and about 200 meters beneath the surface, you reach an area called the \u201ctwilight zone.\u201d Sunlight fades almost completely out of view, and our knowledge about these dark depths fades too.<\/div>\n
What killed Venus? Venus could have been a paradise but turned into a hellscape. Earthlings, pay attention.<\/div>\n
What will animals look like in the future?<\/div>\n
What causes Alzheimer\u2019s?<\/div>\n
How is a brainless yellow goo known as \u201cslime mold\u201d so smart?<\/div>\n
What\u2019s the oldest possible age a human can reach?<\/div>\n
Are long-haul symptoms unique to Covid-19?<\/div>\n
Why don\u2019t doctors know more about endometriosis?<\/div>\n
Why do we have anuses \u2014 or butts, for that matter? And then there\u2019s a whole other question: Why is the human butt so big, compared with other mammals? Katherine Wu\u2019s \u201cThe Body\u2019s Most Embarrassing Organ Is an Evolutionary Marvel,\u201d at the Atlantic.<\/div>\n
What the heck is ball lightning? For millennia, people have been telling stories about mysterious spheres of light that glow, crackle, and hover eerily during thunderstorms. They\u2019ve been spotted in homes, in rural areas, in cities, on airplanes, and even passing through windows.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-59885687<\/a> eldesplegament del telescopi James Webb<\/p>\n

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2022<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2022\/jan\/09\/are-we-witnessing-the-dawn-of-post-theory-science<\/a> a mesura que les dades no s’interpreten amb teories sin\u00f3 amb AI, tenim una ci\u00e8ncia que fa prediccions per\u00f2 no explica [ una mica amb la mec\u00e0nica qu\u00e0ntica ja \u00e9s aix\u00ed]<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/qz.com\/2116375\/covid-has-deepened-the-wests-monopoly-of-science-publishing\/<\/a> l’oest monopolitza les publicacions en poder pagar els alts drets de subscripci\u00f3<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/fight-right-repair-cars-turns-ugly\/<\/a> lluita entre fabricants de cotxes, recullen dades en exclusiva i els propietaris i tallers mec\u00e0nics independents que volen open data<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2022\/03\/07\/a-journey-to-the-center-of-our-cells<\/div>\n
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It was by accident that Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch cloth merchant, first saw a living cell. He\u2019d begun making magnifying lenses at home, perhaps to better judge the quality of his cloth. One day, out of curiosity, he held one up to a drop of lake water. He saw that the drop was teeming with numberless tiny animals. These animalcules, as he called them, were everywhere he looked\u2014in the stuff between his teeth, in soil, in food gone bad. A decade earlier, in 1665, an Englishman named Robert Hooke had examined cork through a lens; he\u2019d found structures that he called \u201ccells,\u201d and the name had stuck. Van Leeuwenhoek seemed to see an even more striking view: his cells moved with apparent purpose. No one believed him when he told people what he\u2019d discovered, and he had to ask local bigwigs\u2014the town priest, a notary, a lawyer\u2014to peer through his lenses and attest to what they saw.<\/div>\n
Today, we take for granted that we are made of cells\u2014liquidy sacs containing the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, the nucleus. We accept that each of us was once a single cell, and that packed inside it was the means to build a whole body and maintain it throughout its life. \u201cPeople ought to be walking around all day, all through their waking hours, calling to each other in endless wonderment, talking of nothing except that cell,\u201d the physician Lewis Thomas wrote, in his book \u201cThe Medusa and the Snail.\u201d But telescopes make more welcome gifts than microscopes. Somehow, most of us are not itching to explore the cellular cosmos. Today, although there\u2019s still no microscope capable of showing everything that\u2019s happening inside a living cell in real time, biologists grasp the strangeness of the zone, bigger than atoms but smaller than cells, in which the machinery of life exists. They\u2019ve analyzed the tiny parts from which cells are made and learned how those parts interact. They\u2019ve frozen cells, photographed them, and used computer simulations to revivify the pictures. They\u2019ve studied the apparently empty spaces inside cells and discovered that they contain a world governed by unintuitive physical laws.<\/div>\n
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Several groups of \u201csynthetic biologists\u201d are now close to assembling living cells from nonliving parts. If we could design and control such cells with precision, we could use them to do what we want\u2014generate clean energy, kill cancers, even reverse aging. The work depends on understanding a cell\u2019s inner workings to a degree that van Leeuwenhoek could not have imagined.<\/div>\n
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They\u2019ve modified a species of bacterium to create a \u201cminimal\u201d cell. It contains only what\u2019s necessary for life\u2014it\u2019s the cellular equivalent of a stock car onto which new components can be bolted. John Glass, one of the project\u2019s leaders, described the minimal cell to me as \u201ca platform for figuring out the first principles in biology.\u201d<\/div>\n
J. Craig Venter, an instrumental player in efforts to sequence the human genome, felt a need to simplify. Why not create a cell with as few genes as possible, and use it as a model organism? If you wanted to understand a more complicated biological process, you could add the genes for it to your minimal cell.\u00a0 Venter assembled a team of biologists that included Glass, who was one of the world\u2019s leading experts on a bacterium called Mycoplasma. \u201cIf you went to the zoo and lined up all the mammals and swabbed their urogenital tracts, you would find that each of them has some mycoplasma,\u201d Glass told me. Because the bacteria live in such a nutrient-rich environment, they rarely have to forage for food, or even do much to digest it;<\/div>\n
By 2016, after a few revisions, they had devised a minimal Mycoplasma genome half the size of the original. A researcher named Carole Lartigue spent years during her postdoc solving the daunting problem of implanting the genome in a cell. The bacterium that eventually resulted from the work was called JCVI-syn3.0. It was an engine bolted to some wheels.<\/div>\n
For contrast, Cook had prepared samples that contained both JCVI-syn3A and E. coli. The lab rat of biology, E. coli grows quickly and uniformly, and is genetically manipulable. It also hunts and eats, has a rudimentary kind of memory, and possesses around five thousand genes, compared with the minimal cell\u2019s roughly five hundred. After Cook loaded the syn3A slide, I peered through the eyepiece, but struggled to distinguish the minimal cells from the floaters in my eyes. Then I looked at the other slide. An E. coli swam by. It was about thirty-five times bigger than the minimal cell by volume, and crenellated with complexity\u2014a destroyer rather than a dinghy.<\/div>\n
He showed me a poster noting all of JCVI-syn3A\u2019s genes. About a third were labelled as having an unknown function. When the project began, there were a hundred and forty-nine mystery genes. Now about a hundred were left.<\/div>\n
Generally, what a gene does depends on the protein it tells our cells to make. It\u2019s proteins that run the cellular world, by sparking chemical reactions, sending signals, and self-assembling into biological machines. To understand and control a cell, or to design a new one, biologists need to know exactly how a given protein behaves in the cellular environment. What shapes can it take? What does it interact with? What happens when a small molecule, like a drug, gets lodged in one of its crevices?<\/div>\n
Our best pictures of the protein-rich cellular interior have come not from a microscope but from the brush of David S. Goodsell, a sixty-year-old biologist and watercolorist at the Scripps Research Institute. When I met Goodsell at Scripps, which is just down the road from J.C.V.I., he had long hair, a full beard, and a funky face mask. A painter since the age of ten, he illustrated his first E. coli during his postdoc, in 1991; the article that resulted, \u201cInside a Living Cell,<\/div>\n
Roseanna N. Zia, a physicist who studies cells, emphasized the importance of physicality in biology. She told me that there were other \u201ccolloidal\u201d properties of the cytoplasm, besides liquid-liquid phase separation, that nature might be using to its advantage\u2014for instance, the fact that a shove at one end of the cytoplasm propagates, nearly instantly, to the other. Her group models how individual molecules subtly interact. \u201cThis area of understanding how colloidal-scale physics is regulating and orchestrating cell function\u2014this is the frontier,\u201d she said.<\/div>\n
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[ semblava que la biologia es redu\u00efa a qu\u00edmica i la qu\u00edmica a f\u00edsica, i tot just estem aprenent a mirar les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules m\u00e9s simples!]<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/nautil.us\/deep-learning-is-hitting-a-wall-14467\/<\/a> els l\u00edmits del Deep Learning<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.worksinprogress.co\/issue\/how-polyester-bounced-back\/<\/a> el poliester rebutjat per les camises ha tornat com a roba t\u00e8cnica.<\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2022\/06\/13\/the-strange-and-secret-ways-that-animals-perceive-the-world-ed-yong-immense-world-tom-mustill-how-to-speak-whale<\/a><\/div>\n
El llenguatge dels animals<\/div>\n
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Imagine the following scene: You are in a room with an owl, a bat, a mouse, a spider, a mosquito, and a rattlesnake. Suddenly, all the lights go off. Instead of pulling out your phone to call an exterminator, you take a moment to ponder the situation. The bat, you realize, is having no trouble navigating, since it relies on echolocation. The owl has such good hearing that it can find the mouse in the dark. So can the rattlesnake, which detects the heat that the rodent is giving off. The spider is similarly unfazed by the blackout, because it senses the world through vibrations. The mosquito follows the carbon dioxide you\u2019re emitting and lands on your shin. You try to swat it away, but because you\u2019re so dependent on vision you miss it and instead end up stepping on the rattler.<\/div>\n
Ed Yong, a science writer for The Atlantic, opens his new book, \u201cAn Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us\u201d (Random House), with a version of this thought experiment. (His version also includes a robin, an elephant, and a bumblebee, though not the potentially fatal encounter with the snake.)<\/div>\n
Mustill decided to make a documentary, \u201cThe Whale Detective,\u201d which ran a couple of years ago on PBS. Now he has written \u201cHow to Speak Whale: A Voyage Into the Future of Animal Communication\u201d (Grand Central).<\/div>\n
Owing to advances in recording technologies and artificial intelligence, researchers in the burgeoning field of bioacoustics can now download thousands of hours of animal sounds and leave the work of sifting through them to a computer. This has opened up tantalizing new possibilities, including that of translating animal-communication systems into English\u2014or Arabic, or Xhosa. Six years after Mustill was nearly killed by the humpback, a group of scientists from, among other institutions, Harvard, M.I.T., and Oxford formed the Cetacean Translation Initiative, or CETI, to try to decipher whale communications. (The team is working with sperm whales, which, instead of singing, issue patterns of clicks, known as codas, that have been compared to Morse code.)<\/div>\n
No less than \u201cAn Immense World,\u201d \u201cHow to Speak Whale\u201d is dogged by the \u201cwhat is it like\u201d question. Mustill suggests that decoding whale-speak could finally produce an answer. The problem, or perhaps the paradox, is that to decipher whales\u2019 songs or clicks we would need to have access to the experiences they\u2019re referring to. And this is precisely what we lack. Wittgenstein was even blunter than Nagel. \u201cIf a lion could speak, we could not understand him,\u201d he maintains in \u201cPhilosophical Investigations.\u201d<\/div>\n
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primeres fotos del James Webb<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/webbfirstimages<\/a><\/div>\n
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June Huh poeta matem\u00e0tic<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/june-huh-high-school-dropout-wins-the-fields-medal-20220705\/<\/a><\/div>\n
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Projectes per a granges d’algues https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-62407504<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/how-imaginary-numbers-describe-the-fundamental-shape-of-nature<\/a> n\u00fameros imaginaris descrivint la natura<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.historynet.com\/swiss-army-knife-history\/<\/a><\/div>\n
la navalla su\u00efssa<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/y3pezm\/scientists-increasingly-cant-explain-how-ai-works<\/a> limitacions de la Intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2022\/11\/28\/how-the-huxleys-electrified-evolution<\/a><\/div>\n
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Els Huxley Thomas i Julian, va defensar l’evoluci\u00f3 i atacar la pseudoci\u00e8ncia en qu\u00e8 es basava el racisme. Per\u00f2 alhora creien en la supremacia de l’home blanc i Europa i eren eugenicistes.<\/div>\n
Julian developed what he called \u201cevolutionary humanism,\u201d a mashup of his favorite progressivist themes. It featured in many of his lectures and books, although he discussed it in greatest detail in \u201cReligion Without Revelation\u201d (1927).<\/div>\n
Where Julian focussed on unity and transhumanism, Aldous turned to experience. As an undergraduate at Oxford, he wrote to Julian about his conviction that the higher states of consciousness described by mystics were achievable. The fascination persisted, and, by the nineteen-thirties, Aldous believed that society\u2019s aim should be to nurture the pursuit of enlightened consciousness. By the time he published \u201cThe Doors of Perception\u201d (1954), which connected his experience on the drug mescaline to the universal urge for self-transcendence, he had been writing and lecturing on mystical experiences for decades.<\/div>\n
As organized religion declined, people sought guidance and justification in the scientific narratives taking its place. From race science to eugenics, progress to spirituality, the Huxleys combed our deep past for modern implications, feeding an ever-present yearning.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/inside-the-proton-the-most-complicated-thing-imaginable-20221019\/<\/a><\/div>\n
la complexitat del prot\u00f3<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.vox.com\/recode\/2022\/12\/7\/23498694\/ai-artificial-intelligence-chat-gpt-openai<\/a> chats intel\u00b7ligents de AI<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/the-empty-brain<\/a> el cervell hum\u00e0, la ment humana, NO \u00e9s com un ordinador<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20221206-how-the-uae-got-a-spacecraft-to-mars-on-the-first-try<\/a> missi\u00f3 dels UAE a Mart, aconseguida en pocs anys, i dirigida per cient\u00edfics dones<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2022\/12\/19\/the-world-changing-race-to-develop-the-quantum-computer<\/a> ordinadors qu\u00e0ntics ( USA, Xina, Intel, IBM, Amazon, Google) Les ag\u00e8ncies de seguretat estan desant info encriptada per quan l’algortime de SHor es pugui executar.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2023\/1\/2\/23536193\/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-nasa<\/a> resultats del James Web<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/books\/under-review\/sciences-demons-from-descartes-to-darwin-and-beyond<\/a><\/div>\n
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ELs dimonis a la ci\u00e8ncia<\/div>\n
the historian of science Jimena Canales has just published one. \u201cBedeviled: A Shadow History of Demons in Science\u201d (Princeton University Press) is not a survey of Baal, Stolas, Volac, and their kin. Instead, Canales has gathered together in one book demons with very different origins and responsibilities\u2014among them the scientist James Clerk Maxwell\u2019s demon, the physicist David Bohm\u2019s demon, the philosopher John Searle\u2019s demon, and the naturalist Charles Darwin\u2019s demon.<\/div>\n
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modern demonology began with Ren\u00e9 Descartes, who imagined a demon into being in his \u201cMeditations on First Philosophy,\u201d from 1641. The French philosopher was positing a thought experiment most often described today as the brain in a vat: however, instead of wondering if he was just a disembodied brain experiencing a simulated reality, Descartes proposed that \u201csome malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning has employed all his energies in order to deceive me.\u201d Said demon could alter our senses and convince us of falsehoods, so that what we see, hear, or feel might not be real. Because anything might be a deception, we must assume everything is, and only through extreme skepticism can we distinguish the real from the unreal.<\/div>\n
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Descartes\u2019s demon was not immediately followed by others, but, in 1773, the French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace proposed a thought experiment of his own. He imagined a mysterious entity \u201cwho, for a given instant, embraces all the relationships of the beings of this universe.\u201d With that single instant of complete knowledge, Laplace wrote in an article on calculus, this entity \u201ccould determine for any time taken in the past or in the future the respective position, the movements, and generally the attachments of all these beings.\u201d Because Laplace\u2019s demon knew the present location of every single thing in the universe and all the forces acting on them, it could infer everything that had already happened and everything that would happen in the future.<\/div>\n
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the demon devised by the British physicist James Clerk Maxwell. The first version of this creature, described in a letter to a colleague in 1867, is only \u201ca very observant and neat-fingered being,\u201d not yet a demon. That being stood between two containers, opening and closing a door between them, allowing only certain molecules to pass, sorting the fast ones from the slow ones without exerting any energy, and thereby making one container warmer than the other. Maxwell had imagined what others called a perpetual-motion machine, one capable of reversing entropy.<\/div>\n
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Canales quotes a computer scientist at Microsoft who argued that Internet and finance companies today \u201care trying to become Maxwell\u2019s demons in an information network.\u201d His example was a health-insurance company using Big Data to sort desirable customers from undesirable customers, in essence creating a demon whose job it is to say, \u201cI\u2019m going to let the people who are cheap to insure through the door, and the people who are expensive to insure have to go the other way until I\u2019ve created this perfect system that\u2019s statistically guaranteed to be highly profitable.\u201d<\/div>\n
el dimoni de MAxwell seleccionant part\u00edcules, AI i Big Data seleccionant gent que no es posar\u00e0 malalta<\/div>\n
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2023<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-64371426<\/a> els assistents de veu com Alexa acaben essent intrusius<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/business-64514573<\/a> ASML que fa les m\u00e0quines que imprimeixen xips. Holanda t\u00e9 l’empresa, no spanya.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.noemamag.com\/life-need-not-ever-end\/<\/a> l’univers no estaria condemnat al desordre perqu\u00e8 no seria un sistema tancat amb l\u00edmits definits [ no hi ha res a fora, per\u00f2 tampoc est\u00e0 tancat]. La gravetat, que du a agrupacions, seria un factor antidesordre. EN un univers que s’expandeix, la m\u00e0xima entropia assolible tamb\u00e9 creix, i a un ritme m\u00e9s r\u00e0pid del que suposa la vida, per tant no arribar\u00edem mai al desordre total.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/the-most-boring-number-in-the-world-is\/<\/a> els n\u00fameros “avorrits” s\u00f3n els que no tenen propietats, 20067.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/getpocket.com\/explore\/item\/four-common-misconceptions-about-quantum-physics<\/a>\u00a0 mals entesos en mec\u00e0nica qu\u00e0ntica<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/i-saw-the-face-of-god-in-a-tsmc-factory\/<\/a> TSMC el principal fabricant de xips a Taiwan<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20230412-the-mystery-of-the-human-genomes-dark-matter<\/a><\/div>\n
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nom\u00e9s un 2% del codi gen\u00e8tic sembla dedicat a codificar prote\u00efnes (que seria com el hardware). La resta, que fins ara es coneixia com a dark genome, sembla tenir com a primera funci\u00f3 regulating the decoding process, or expression, of protein-making genes. It helps to control how our genes behave in response to all the environmental pressures our bodies face throughout our lives, ranging from diet to stress, pollution, exercise, and how much we sleep, a field known as epigenetics. [per\u00f2 aquesta regulaci\u00f3 es deu fer amb nes altres subst\u00e0ncies, mol\u00e8cul\u00b7les, no?]<\/div>\n
As scientists first began sifting through the book of life in the mid 2000s, one of the biggest challenges was that the non-protein coding regions of the human genome appeared to be littered with sequences of repetitive DNA known as transposons. These repetitive sequences are so ubiquitous that they comprise nearly half the genome in all living mammals.<\/div>\n
One of the most fascinating elements of transposons is that they can move from one part of the genome to another \u2013 a behaviour which gives them their name \u2013 creating or reversing mutations in genes, sometimes with dramatic consequences.<\/div>\n
The movement of a transposon into a different gene may have been responsible for the loss of the tail in the great ape family, which led to our species developing the ability to walk upright.<\/div>\n
The dark genome also provides instructions for the formation of various kinds of molecules, known as non-coding RNAs, which can have various roles ranging from helping to assemble proteins, blocking the process of protein production, or helping to regulate gene activity. “The RNAs produced by the dark genome act as the conductors in the orchestra, conducting how your DNA responds to the environment,” says Ounzain.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/a-new-kind-of-symmetry-shakes-up-physics-20230418\/<\/a> simetries generals a Mec\u00e0nica qu\u00e0ntica<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2023\/04\/24\/the-future-of-fertility<\/u><\/a><\/div>\n
la possibilitat de generar embrions a partir de qualsevol c\u00e8l\u00b7Lula del cos.<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-65689580<\/a> una cient\u00edfica de Lausanne aconsegueix enviar senyals del cervell a les cames.<\/div>\n
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merlin sheldrake entangled life https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/06\/08\/magazine\/merlin-sheldrake-fungi.html<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/science\/2023\/06\/28\/gravitational-wave-background-nanograv\/<\/a><\/div>\n
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microbioma, vinyes tractades amb bacteris resisteixen l’onada de calor https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20230727-the-microbes-that-could-protect-grapevines-from-climate-change<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/nautil.us\/the-case-against-the-selfish-gene-358473\/<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/08\/09\/1077580\/embryonic-stem-cells-25-years-treatments\/<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.noemamag.com\/cells-not-dna-are-the-master-architects-of-life\/<\/a><\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.cnet.com\/home\/internet\/features\/the-secret-life-of-the-500-cables-that-run-the-internet\/<\/a> cables internet<\/div>\n
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https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2023\/09\/11\/can-we-talk-to-whales?utm_source=pocket_mylist<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-023-03230-z?utm_source=pocket_mylist Com sab\u00edem si hi ha vida a la terra?<\/p>\n

https:\/\/worksinprogress.co\/issue\/how-mathematics-built-the-modern-world\/<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/11\/17\/1083586\/the-pain-is-real-the-painkillers-are-virtual-reality\/?utm_source=pocket_mylist<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/beliefs-about-emotions-influence-how-people-feel-act-and-relate-to-others\/?utm_source=pocket_mylist<\/p>\n

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2024<\/p>\n

L’empresa Neurolink d’ELon Musk ha aconseguit implantar un xip wireless amb 64 connexions al cervell per estimular \u00e0rees de moviment de pacients amb ferides. BBC<\/a> La idea final \u00e9s una simbiosi home\/AI [i m\u00e0quina] BBC<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nou col\u00b7lisionador, val la pena? (BBC<\/a>) Hem batejat la ignor\u00e0ncia amb un nom energia fosca, mat\u00e8ria fosca.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Aplle vision, barrejar la realitat amb pantalles virtuals https:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/news\/tim-cook-apple-vision-pro<\/p>\n

https:\/\/downdetector.com\/ serveis caiguts<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/c\/24070570\/internet-cables-undersea-deep-repair-ships? utm_source=pocket_mylist la reparaci\u00f3 dels cables submarins que transporten internet.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/insects-and-other-animals-have-consciousness-experts-declare-20240419\/?utm_source=pocket_mylist tenen consci\u00e8ncia animals com insectes?<\/p>\n

https:\/\/bigthink.com\/starts-with-a-bang\/physicists-question-fate-universe\/?utm_source=pocket_mylist noves hip\u00f2tesis sobre el final de l’univers.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/theguardian.com\/environment\/article\/2024\/sep\/05\/gaia-theory-born-of-secret-love-affair-james-lovelock Lovelock va elaborar la teoria de Gaia inspirat pel treball de la seva amant<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/videos\/cly57d5jw7eo el propulsor del coet de space X aconsegueix ser recuperat<\/p>\n

https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/ai\/2024\/11\/how-a-stubborn-computer-scientist-accidentally-launched-the-deep-learning-boom\/ Fei Fei Li va crear una base de dades de 14M d’imatges amb 22m categories a partir de les 140m paraules registrades a wordnet, i la hip\u00f2tesi que els humans reconeixem uns 30.000 objectes diferents.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2024\/nov\/21\/the-mad-egghead-who-built-a-mouse-utopia-john-b-calhoun Calhoun va construir una “ciutat de ratolins per estudiar les poblacions humanes”<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/a-science-breakthrough-too-good-to-be-true-it-probably-isnt\/ la ci\u00e8ncia avan\u00e7a poc a poc, un resultat que fa titulars segurament no ser\u00e0 veritat<\/p>\n

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2025<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-024-07686-5?fromPaywallRec=false conectoma d’una mosca<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.elnacional.cat\/ca\/societat\/10-grans-avencos-cientifics-2024-marcaran-futur-humanitat_1337536_102.html Dos d’astronomia relacionats amb la vida, i la resta, biologia i medecina.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/videos\/c70e2g09ng9o un cotxe sense conductor es posa a donar voltes en un parquing<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cvgw3l7p79po recollir la humitat de la boira en teles<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2025\/01\/06\/1108679\/ai-generative-search-internet-breakthroughs\/ les cerques a internet amb AI<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c4geldjjge0o observacions sobre el moviment de les gal\u00e0xies plantegen nous interrogants sobre l’energia obscura.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.texasmonthly.com\/news-politics\/colossal-bioscience-woolly-mammoth-mouse\/ Uns ratolins amb gens modificats amb DNA de mamuts.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250319-spaghetti-science-what-pasta-reveals-about-the-universe la ci\u00e8ncia dels espagueti i el cacio e pepe.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

EL tractament d’imatges del Hubble eliminava massa<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0forat negre<\/a><\/p>\n

Xina organitza una missi\u00f3 de rescat a astronautes en pocs dies [no \u00e9s com avisar una grua] Perplexity<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Not\u00edcies Algoritmes i privacitat ci\u00e8ncia estancada mar\u00e7 2018 https:\/\/theconversation.com\/did-artists-lead-the-way-in-mathematics-75355 artistes dels mosaics isl\u00e0mics anticipant simetries que els matem\u00e0tics descobriran m\u00e9s tard, Jackson Pollock https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/tech\/elements\/a-physicists-farewell-to-stephen-hawking\u00a0en la mort de Stephen Hawking https:\/\/medium.freecodecamp.org\/a-painless-intro-to-apis-how-to-use-integrate-benefit-d240fc88a00c\u00a0apis per integrar building blocks de software https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/03\/19\/the-story-of-a-trans-womans-face\u00a0la t\u00e8cnica de modificar una cara per que sigui m\u00e9s femenina [qu\u00e8 vol dir femenina?.\u00a0He gradually came to believe … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “Ci\u00e8ncia i tecnologia”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1546"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1546"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1963,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1546\/revisions\/1963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/meumon.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}