Hi ha tres reculls
Vinayapitaka: o La disciplina monàstica és un compendi de regles acompanyades d’anècdotes (històriques o ad hoc) en les quals es narra quan, on i com el Buda Gotama va decretar una o altra de les més de dues-centes regles del codi monàstic theravada.
Suttapitaka: el cistell de la instrucció, amb cinc col·leccions de discursos. Aquí hi ha el Samaññaphala i el Satipatthana.
Abhidhammapitaka: És el Cistell dels texts superiors, un compendi en què s’aborden els principis doctrinals dels altres dos pitaka, però reorganitzats de tal manera que permeten estudiar en profunditat la natura de la ment i de la matèria.
Samaññaphal Sutta
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- Com és un monjo amb pau d’esperit?
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- Sati-mindfulness, pau d’esperit
- els quatre fonaments: el cos, els sentiments, la ment i els darmas
- La consciència del cos: contacte, aire, posició
- La consciència de com estem i de l’estat de la ment
- La pràctica de la marxa conscient
- Consciència de la respiració, caminar
- Consciència de tot el cos, els seus organs i processos
- Consciència del cadàver
- Consciència dels sentiments (estats mentals) i la ment
- Consciència de les coses tal com són
Samaññaphala-Sutta
( Samaññaphala Sutta ) Un rei pregunta a ascetes budistes quins són els beneficis de la contemplació, els quatre nivells de dhayana o meditació.
Com és un monjo amb pau d’esperit?
And how, great king, is a monk endowed with mindfulness and clear comprehension? Here, a monk acts with mindfulness and clear comprehension when walking backwards and forwards, in looking ahead or behind, when bending and stretching, in wearing his outer and inner robe and carrying his bowl, when eating and drinking, chewing and swallowing, when defecating and urinating, when walking, standing, sitting, falling asleep, waking up, talking and keeping silent. In this way, a monk is endowed with mindfulness and clear comprehension. ‘And how, great king, is a monk content? Here, a monk is content with his robe to cover his body and his almsfood to fill his stomach. Wherever he goes he takes just these with him, just as a bird carries his wings as his only burden when he goes into flight. In this way, wherever a monk goes, he is content with his robe to cover his body and his almsfood to fill his stomach and takes just these with him. ‘In this way, great king, a monk is content.
Satipatthana Sutta
The four foundations of mindfulness – the Satipatthana-Sutta
Sati-mindfulness, pau d’esperit
It is sometimes said that it is in those words least susceptible to translation that the life of any tradition may be found. This is certainly true of the word sati, now always translated as mindfulness. The word derives from the root for ‘memory’ (Skst smrti) though this does not quite accommodate all its shades of meaning, which is more an ‘attentiveness directed towards the present’.1 Mindfulness is that quality that characterizes the mind that is alert, awake and free from befuddlement.
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To be mindful is to be steady and awake: one sutta compares sati to the gatekeeper of a citadel who ‘refuses entrance to those unknown, but admits those he knows, for the protection of those inside’ (A IV 110).
els quatre fonaments: el cos, els sentiments, la ment i els darmas
These are the body, the feelings, the mind and dhammas.
1 Body: (a) the first four of the sixteen stages of mindfulness of breathing, (b) mindfulness and clear comprehension in the four postures, (c) mindfulness and clear comprehension in all bodily activities, (d) the thirty-one parts of the body, (e) the four elements, (f) the asubha contemplations. 2 Feeling (vedana). 3 Mind (citta). 4 Dhammas: (a) the five hindrances, (b) five groups of clinging (khandhas), (c) the six sense bases, internal and external,12 (d) the seven factors of enlightenment, (e) the four noble truths (not elaborated in the shorter version reproduced here), (f) the eightfold path (not included in shorter version).
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La consciència del cos: contacte, aire, posició
Much of the sutta is devoted to body mindfulness and includes a number of practices involving being aware of what the body is doing at any moment: the contact of the feet on the ground, the air on the face, the manner in which one is walking and all the impressions that meet the senses all come under this. The movement of the breath in and out of the body is also a subject for mindfulness.
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You have to be aware of what state your body is in. Is it upright, balanced, relaxed and tranquil? Or is it falling about, unbalanced, slack and loose?
La consciència de com estem i de l’estat de la ment
The second foundation of mindfulness is what is being felt – whether pleasant, neutral or unpleasant. The third foundation of mindfulness is awareness of the tenor of the mind – knowing whether the mind is, for instance, confused, full of hatred, or constricted.
la consciència del dhamma
The fourth foundation of mindfulness is that of dhamma or dhammas. Also one of the most difficult words in the canon to translate, this term is found as a recollection practice where, in the singular, it refers specifically to the teaching. As the fourth foundation of mindfulness here it applies to ‘things as they are’, or ‘phenomena’.13
La pràctica de la marxa conscient
– Highlight on Page 148 | Loc. 2260-63 | Added on Thursday, April 24, 2014, 12:39 AM
Particular mention, however, should be made of mindful walking practice, based upon this sutta, the usual way of complementing and balancing the sitting practice, particularly on extended meditation courses. This is mentioned elsewhere in the canon and is recommended, for instance, to Moggallana as a means of combating sleepiness. A walking place (cakkamana) is often specially designated outside Buddhist temples.
Consciència de la respiració, caminar
– Highlight on Page 150 | Loc. 2300-2303 | Added on Thursday, April 24, 2014, 01:58 AM
Here, monks, a monk goes to a forest, or the roots of a tree or an empty place and sits, folding his legs in a cross-legged position, making his body straight and sets up mindfulness in front of him. Mindful, he breathes in; mindful, he breathes out. As he breathes in a long breath, he knows, “I am breathing in a long breath”, or, as he breathes out a long breath, he knows, “I am breathing out a long breath”.
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‘And again, monks, a monk, when walking, knows, “I am walking”; when standing he knows, “I am standing”; when sitting he knows, “I am sitting”; when lying down he knows, “I am lying down”; or, however his body is disposed, he knows it. ‘In this way he practises, contemplating the body in the body internally, externally and both internally and externally. . . In this way too, monks, a monk practises contemplating the body in the body.
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‘And again, monks, a monk acts with clear comprehension when going backwards and forwards. He acts with clear comprehension when looking ahead or behind, when bending and stretching, in wearing his robes and carrying his bowl, when eating and drinking, chewing and swallowing, when defecating and urinating, when walking, standing, sitting, falling asleep, waking up, talking and keeping silent.
Consciència de tot el cos, els seus organs i processos
– Highlight on Page 152 | Loc. 2323-30 | Added on Thursday, April 24, 2014, 02:01 AM
‘And again, monks, a monk takes stock of the body upwards, from the soles of the feet and downwards, from the tips of the hair, bounded by skin, as full of many kinds of impurity, in this way: “In this body there are hairs of the head, hairs on the body, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone-marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, large intestines, small intestines, the contents of the stomach, excrement, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, mucus, oil in the joints and urine”. It is just as if, monks, there was a bag, open at both ends, filled with various kinds of grain, such as hill rice, husked rice, beans, peas, millet and white rice, and a man with good eyes were to open it and take stock of it in this way: “This is hill rice, this is husked rice, this is beans, this peas, this millet and this white rice”; so, too, monks, a monk reviews the body. . . as full of many different kinds of impurity in this way: “In this body there are hairs of the head. . . oil in the joints and urine” ’.
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Consciència del cadàver
– Highlight on Page 153 | Loc. 2342-49 | Added on Thursday, April 24, 2014, 02:04 AM
‘And again, monks, it is as if a monk sees a body discarded in the charnel ground, being devoured by crows, vultures, hawks, dogs, jackals or by various kinds of worms. . . a body discarded in the charnel ground, a skeleton with flesh and blood, bound together by sinews. . . a skeleton, without flesh, smeared with blood, bound together by sinews. . . a skeleton, without flesh and blood, bound together by sinews. . . a body with loose bones scattered in all directions, here a bone of the hand, there a bone of the foot, a shin bone, a breast bone, a hip bone, a back bone and a skull.. . a body with bones bleached white, the colour of shells, he then makes a comparison with his own body. . . a body that is bones in heaps, more than a year old. . . a body that is bones rotted and crumbled to powder… ‘In this way too, monks, a monk practises contemplating the body in the body.
Consciència dels sentiments (estats mentals) i la ment
‘And how, monks, does a monk practise contemplating feeling in feelings? Here, monks, when feeling a pleasant feeling, a monk knows, “I feel a pleasant feeling”; when feeling a painful feeling he knows, “I feel a painful feeling”; when feeling a feeling that is neither pleasant nor painful he knows,
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‘And how, monks, does a monk practise contemplating the mind in the mind?20 Here, monks, a monk knows a mind that is with desire as with desire, and a mind that is free from desire as free from desire. He knows a mind with hate as with hate, and one free from hate as free from hate. He knows. . . a deluded mind.. . an undeluded mind. He knows. . . a constricted mind . . . a scattered mind.21 He knows. . . a mind grown great. . . a mind that has not grown great.22 He knows. . . a surpassable mind . . . surpassing mind.23 He knows. . . a composed mind . . . a discomposed mind. He knows . . . a liberated mind . . . an unliberated mind.
Consciència de les coses tal com són
‘And again, monks, a monk practises contemplating dhamma in dhammas in terms of the five aggregates of grasping. And how, monks, does a monk practise contemplating dhamma in dhammas in terms of the five aggregates of grasping? Here a monk reflects: such is material form, such is the arising of material form, such is the ceasing of material form; such is feeling, such is the arising of feeling, such is the ceasing of feeling; such is perception . . . such are formations. . . such is consciousness, such is the arising of consciousness, such is the ceasing of consciousness.
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And again, monks, a monk practises contemplating dhamma in dhammas in terms of the six internal and external sense spheres. And how?…. Here, monks, a monk knows the eye, he knows visual objects, and he knows whatever fetter arises dependent on the two. And he knows a fetter that has not yet arisen comes to arise, and he knows how a fetter that has arisen is abandoned, and he knows how a fetter that has been abandoned will not arise in the future. He knows the ear, he knows sounds. . . he knows the nose, he knows smells. . . he knows the tongue, he knows tastes. . . he knows the body, he knows sensory objects. . . he knows the mind and he knows mental objects and he knows whatever fetter arises dependent on the two. And he knows a fetter that has not yet arisen comes to arise, and he knows how a fetter that has arisen is abandoned, and he knows how a fetter that has been abandoned will not arise in the future.
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And how does a monk practise contemplating dhamma in dhammas in terms of the four noble truths? Here, monks, a monk knows suffering as it really is, he knows the origin of suffering as it really is, he knows the cessation of suffering as it really is and he knows the way that leads to the cessation of suffering as it really is.