civilitzacio: Europa

Història de la cultura francesa: art, literatura, música

|  Història de França    |

1814–1830 La restauració borbònica: Louis XVIII, Charles X reaccionari, revolució de 1830.

1830–1848: La monarquia Juillet: la burgesia imposa un nou rei, Louis Philippe, comença la industrialització i la colonització. Inicialment més obert acaba essent autoritari i la repressió provoca una nova revolució que reclama el sufragi universal.

1848-1852: La segona república Període d’eleccions fins que el 1851 l’elegit Louis Napoleón Bonaparte fa un cop d’estat per evitar deixar el poder quan acaba el seu mandat.

1852 – 1871: El segon Imperi. Es fa erigir emperador  Napoléon III. A partir de 1860 es liberalitza. Tota França es modernitza. El 1871 perd la guerra amb Prússia i es proclama la tercera república.

1871 – 1914: La tercera república i la Belle Epoque

1871 – 1914 tercera república i belle epoque Belle époque

The end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century was the Belle Époque because of peace, prosperity and the cultural innovations of Monet, Bernhardt, and Debussy, and popular amusements – cabaret, can-can, the cinema,[187] new art forms such as Impressionism and Art Nouveau.[188]

In 1889 the Exposition Universelle showed off newly modernised Paris to the world, which could look over it all from atop the new Eiffel Tower. Meant to last only a few decades, the tower was never removed and became France’s most iconic landmark.[189]

louis xiv, louis xv, idees il·Lustració

House of Valois

• Louis XI the Prudent, 1461–83
• Charles VIII the Affable, 1483–98
• Louis XII, 1498–1515
• Francis I, 1515–47
• Henry II, 1547–59
• Francis II, 1559–60
• Charles IX, 1560–74 (1560–63 under regency of Catherine de’ Medici)
• Henry III, 1574–89

House of Bourbon

• Henry IV the Great, 1589–1610
• the Regency of Marie de Medici, 1610–17
• Louis XIII the Just and his minister Cardinal Richelieu, 1610–43
• the Regency of Anne of Austria and her minister Cardinal Mazarin, 1643–51
• Louis XIV the Sun King and his minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, 1643–1715
• the Régence, a period of regency under Philip II of Orléans, 1715–23
• Louis XV the Beloved and his minister Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, 1715–74
• Louis XVI, 1774–92

“Beautiful 16th century”
Economic historians call the era from about 1475 to 1630 the “beautiful 16th century” because of the return of peace, prosperity and optimism across the nation, and the steady growth of population. Paris, for example, flourished as never before, as its population rose to 200,000 by 1550. In Toulouse the Renaissance of the 16th century brought wealth that transformed the architecture of the town, such as building of the great aristocratic houses.[27]